[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-utilitarianism":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":44,"name":45},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":47,"name":48},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":53,"name":54},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":98,"name":99},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":113,"definingArchetypes":157,"sharedArchetypes":160},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107,"sort_priority":108,"created_at":109,"is_foundational":110,"tradition_type":111,"primary_axis":112},2,"utilitarianism","Utilitarianism","The ethical view that actions should be evaluated by their consequences for overall human happiness.","The ethical and political tradition founded by Jeremy Bentham, which holds that the rightness of actions and policies should be evaluated by their consequences for overall human happiness. Utilitarianism in various forms has shaped modern public policy, economics, and law more thoroughly than perhaps any other single moral framework, though almost all later utilitarians have modified Bentham's original version in significant ways.","18th-19th century",8,"2026-04-08T08:15:03.166556+00:00",false,"philosophical",null,[114,125,135,142,150],{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":116},true,{"id":117,"era":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"one_line":121,"birth_year":122,"death_year":123,"portrait_url":112,"sort_priority":124},117,"19th Century","Harriet Taylor Mill","harriet-taylor-mill","Harriet Taylor Mill was a British liberal philosopher of women's rights whose collaboration with John Stuart Mill shaped On Liberty and whose Enfranchisement of Women was one of the century's most radical feminist arguments",1807,1858,10,{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":126},{"id":127,"era":128,"name":129,"slug":130,"one_line":131,"birth_year":132,"death_year":133,"portrait_url":112,"sort_priority":134},3,"Enlightenment","James Mill","james-mill","James Mill was a Scottish utilitarian philosopher who organized Bentham's ideas into the Philosophical Radicals movement and designed the formidable education of his son John Stuart Mill",1773,1836,20,{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":136},{"id":102,"era":128,"name":137,"slug":138,"one_line":139,"birth_year":140,"death_year":141,"portrait_url":112,"sort_priority":124},"Jeremy Bentham","jeremy-bentham","Jeremy Bentham was the English founder of utilitarianism, a legal reformer who tried to reduce every moral and political question to a single calculation of pleasure and pain",1748,1832,{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":143},{"id":144,"era":118,"name":145,"slug":146,"one_line":147,"birth_year":148,"death_year":149,"portrait_url":112,"sort_priority":124},1,"John Stuart Mill","john-stuart-mill","John Stuart Mill was the liberal philosopher and 19th-century reconciler who humanized utilitarianism and rescued liberalism from its colder instincts, giving the modern world its sharpest defense of free speech",1806,1873,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":151},{"id":152,"era":112,"name":153,"slug":154,"one_line":155,"birth_year":112,"death_year":112,"portrait_url":112,"sort_priority":156},705,"Cass Sunstein","cass-sunstein","Cass Sunstein is a liberal legal scholar of technocratic, welfare-oriented governance whose “libertarian paternalism” and the nudge reshaped debates over regulation and behavioral policy",5,[158],{"archetype_slug":14,"connection_sentence":159},"Judge policies by their measurable effect on human well-being — utilitarianism's yardstick, which for you points squarely at technology as the strongest available lever for improving those outcomes at scale.",[161,163,164,165,166],{"archetype_slug":80,"shared_thinker_count":162},4,{"archetype_slug":68,"shared_thinker_count":127},{"archetype_slug":83,"shared_thinker_count":127},{"archetype_slug":71,"shared_thinker_count":102},{"archetype_slug":11,"shared_thinker_count":144}]