[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-skepticism":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":44,"name":45},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":47,"name":48},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":53,"name":54},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":98,"name":99},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":113,"definingArchetypes":133,"sharedArchetypes":134},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107,"sort_priority":108,"created_at":109,"is_foundational":110,"tradition_type":111,"primary_axis":112},41,"skepticism","Skepticism","The philosophical tradition of doubting whether we can have certain knowledge of the world, the self, or moral truths.","The philosophical tradition of doubting whether we can have certain knowledge of the world, the self, or moral truths. Ancient skepticism was developed by Pyrrho and Sextus Empiricus; modern skepticism was given its most influential statement by Hume, whose version was practical and cheerful rather than paralyzing. He thought we should accept the limits of what we can know and get on with living well. Skepticism has continued to shape epistemology, moral philosophy, and political thinking down to the present.","Ancient to present",6,"2026-04-08T17:09:53.480644+00:00",true,"philosophical",null,[114,124],{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":115},{"id":116,"era":117,"name":118,"slug":119,"one_line":120,"birth_year":121,"death_year":122,"portrait_url":112,"sort_priority":123},16,"Enlightenment","David Hume","david-hume","David Hume was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher whose skeptical empiricism grounded politics in custom and sentiment, pairing conservative respect for institutions with liberal gradualism",1711,1776,10,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":125},{"id":126,"era":117,"name":127,"slug":128,"one_line":129,"birth_year":130,"death_year":131,"portrait_url":112,"sort_priority":132},263,"Voltaire","voltaire","Voltaire was the French Enlightenment's great polemicist against clerical and arbitrary power, turning religious tolerance and freedom of expression into urgent political demands rather than abstract principles",1694,1778,9,[],[135,137,139,140,141,142],{"archetype_slug":80,"shared_thinker_count":136},2,{"archetype_slug":68,"shared_thinker_count":138},1,{"archetype_slug":71,"shared_thinker_count":138},{"archetype_slug":95,"shared_thinker_count":138},{"archetype_slug":23,"shared_thinker_count":138},{"archetype_slug":47,"shared_thinker_count":138}]