[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-progressivism":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":14,"name":15},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":17,"name":18},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":108,"definingArchetypes":329,"sharedArchetypes":330},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107},470,"progressivism","Progressivism","The reforming tradition that holds social problems are solvable through expertise, regulation and an active state, and that institutions should be continuously improved rather than preserved.","The reforming tradition holding that social problems are neither natural nor permanent, that they yield to organised knowledge and public action, and that institutions therefore ought to be continuously revised rather than conserved. Its temperament is experimental: it treats government as an instrument for solving problems and expertise as the resource that makes solutions possible.\n\nAmerican Progressivism took shape between the 1890s and the 1920s as a response to industrial concentration, urban squalor and machine politics. Herbert Croly's The Promise of American Life (1909) supplied its intellectual charter, arguing that Jeffersonian ends now required Hamiltonian means — that a national state strong enough to match national corporations was the precondition of democratic equality. Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalism and Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom offered rival versions. Jane Addams built the settlement house into an instrument of social knowledge, and John Dewey gave the movement its philosophy, treating democracy as a mode of shared inquiry rather than a set of procedures.\n\nIts achievements were institutional and durable: antitrust, food and drug regulation, the income tax, direct election of senators, the secret ballot, professional civil service, and the beginnings of the administrative state. Its record also includes a great deal that its heirs disown. Progressive confidence in expertise extended to eugenics, immigration restriction on racial grounds, and — in Wilson's case — the resegregation of the federal civil service. This is not incidental to the movement's logic; the same faith that experts should manage social problems produced both the pure food law and the sterilisation statute.\n\nThe word has since shifted meaning, naming after the 1960s a broadly cultural liberalism rather than the administrative reform programme. The standing objection to both is the same one Dewey spent his career answering: that rule by expertise is in tension with rule by citizens, and that the tradition has never fully settled which it is committed to.","Late 19th century to present",[109,120,128,136,145,153,161,169,177,184,192,200,207,215,223,230,238,246,253,261,268,276,283,290,301,311,320],{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":111},true,{"id":112,"era":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"one_line":116,"is_living":110,"birth_year":117,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":118,"sort_priority":119},948,null,"Tim Walz","tim-walz","Tim Walz is Minnesota's progressive Democratic governor whose Midwestern populism pairs an activist welfare-state agenda with plainspoken, small-town cultural politics",1964,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Ftim-walz.webp",5,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":121},{"id":122,"era":113,"name":123,"slug":124,"one_line":125,"is_living":110,"birth_year":126,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":127,"sort_priority":119},899,"Patrick Collison","patrick-collison","Patrick Collison is a techno-optimist entrepreneur who co-founded Stripe and helped launch 'progress studies,' turning stagnation and the deliberate pursuit of innovation into a live political question",1988,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fpatrick-collison.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":129},{"id":130,"era":113,"name":131,"slug":132,"one_line":133,"is_living":110,"birth_year":134,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":135,"sort_priority":119},906,"Pramila Jayapal","pramila-jayapal","Pramila Jayapal is a progressive Democrat on the party's left flank who chaired the Congressional Progressive Caucus and championed Medicare for All, workers' rights, and a more generous immigration system",1965,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fpramila-jayapal.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":137},{"id":138,"era":139,"name":140,"slug":141,"one_line":142,"is_living":110,"birth_year":143,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":144,"sort_priority":119},1073,"Contemporary","Ralph Nader","ralph-nader","Ralph Nader is an American consumer advocate whose crusades against corporate power reshaped product safety, regulatory law, and the ethics of citizen mobilization.",1934,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fralph-nader.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":146},{"id":147,"era":113,"name":148,"slug":149,"one_line":150,"is_living":110,"birth_year":151,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":152,"sort_priority":119},929,"Sam Altman","sam-altman","Sam Altman is a techno-optimist entrepreneur and OpenAI chief whose calls for AI regulation and interest in universal basic income shape debates over governing transformative technology",1985,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fsam-altman.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":154},{"id":155,"era":113,"name":156,"slug":157,"one_line":158,"is_living":110,"birth_year":159,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":160,"sort_priority":119},805,"Derek Thompson","derek-thompson","Derek Thompson is a leading voice of supply-side, pro-growth American liberalism whose co-authored \"Abundance\" urges progressives to prize the capacity to build over process for its own sake",1986,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fderek-thompson.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":162},{"id":163,"era":113,"name":164,"slug":165,"one_line":166,"is_living":110,"birth_year":167,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":168,"sort_priority":119},807,"E.J. Dionne","ej-dionne","E.J. Dionne is a center-left liberal columnist who argues America's political future lies in reclaiming the shared traditions of communitarian liberalism and the common good",1952,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fej-dionne.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":170},{"id":171,"era":113,"name":172,"slug":173,"one_line":174,"is_living":110,"birth_year":175,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":176,"sort_priority":119},812,"Ezra Klein","ezra-klein","Ezra Klein is a liberal journalist of the technocratic left who pioneered explanatory policy media and now champions an abundance agenda for making American government able to build again",1984,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fezra-klein.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":178},{"id":179,"era":113,"name":180,"slug":181,"one_line":182,"is_living":110,"birth_year":113,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":183,"sort_priority":119},832,"Jason Crawford","jason-crawford","Jason Crawford is a techno-optimist writer and founder of The Roots of Progress who makes the moral case for technological and material progress at the heart of the 'progress studies' movement","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fjason-crawford.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":185},{"id":186,"era":113,"name":187,"slug":188,"one_line":189,"is_living":110,"birth_year":190,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":191,"sort_priority":119},870,"Matt Yglesias","matt-yglesias","Matt Yglesias is a center-left commentator who champions abundance, housing supply, and pragmatic technocratic liberalism over ideological purity",1981,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmatt-yglesias.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":193},{"id":194,"era":113,"name":195,"slug":196,"one_line":197,"is_living":110,"birth_year":198,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":199,"sort_priority":119},878,"Mehdi Hasan","mehdi-hasan","Mehdi Hasan is a progressive British-American journalist whose combative interviewing and unapologetic left-liberal advocacy reshaped debate about media, Western foreign policy, and marginalized voices",1979,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmehdi-hasan.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":201},{"id":202,"era":113,"name":203,"slug":204,"one_line":205,"is_living":110,"birth_year":113,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":206,"sort_priority":119},896,"Noah Smith","noah-smith","Noah Smith is a center-left economics writer whose Noahpinion blog champions growth-focused, abundance-minded liberalism against scarcity politics on the left and anti-market reflexes everywhere","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fnoah-smith.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":208},{"id":209,"era":113,"name":210,"slug":211,"one_line":212,"is_living":110,"birth_year":213,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":214,"sort_priority":119},918,"Robert Reich","robert-reich","Robert Reich is a liberal-progressive economist who reframes inequality as a political choice — markets, he argues, are structured by rules the powerful write",1946,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Frobert-reich.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":216},{"id":217,"era":113,"name":218,"slug":219,"one_line":220,"is_living":110,"birth_year":221,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":222,"sort_priority":119},964,"Alex Karp","alex-karp","Alex Karp is Palantir's philosopher-CEO, a self-described progressive who argues in The Technological Republic that Silicon Valley must rejoin the American national project — hard power included",1967,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Falex-karp.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":224},{"id":225,"era":113,"name":226,"slug":227,"one_line":228,"is_living":110,"birth_year":151,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":229,"sort_priority":119},765,"Alexander Soros","alexander-soros","Alexander Soros is a progressive philanthropist and chair of the Open Society Foundations, steering the Soros network's defense of liberal democracy, human rights, and open societies worldwide","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Falexander-soros.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":231},{"id":232,"era":113,"name":233,"slug":234,"one_line":235,"is_living":110,"birth_year":236,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":237,"sort_priority":119},770,"Andrew Yang","andrew-yang","Andrew Yang is a technocratic centrist who put universal basic income at the center of American debate and now channels his anti-polarization politics into the Forward Party",1975,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fandrew-yang.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":239},{"id":240,"era":113,"name":241,"slug":242,"one_line":243,"is_living":110,"birth_year":244,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":245,"sort_priority":119},808,"Elizabeth Warren","elizabeth-warren","Elizabeth Warren is a progressive Democratic senator and former bankruptcy scholar who reframed middle-class insecurity as the product of rigged markets and lax financial regulation",1949,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Felizabeth-warren.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":247},{"id":248,"era":113,"name":249,"slug":250,"one_line":251,"is_living":110,"birth_year":221,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":252,"sort_priority":119},815,"Gavin Newsom","gavin-newsom","Gavin Newsom is a California progressive whose assertive West Coast liberalism has made him a leading combatant in America's culture and governance wars","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fgavin-newsom.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":254},{"id":255,"era":113,"name":256,"slug":257,"one_line":258,"is_living":110,"birth_year":259,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":260,"sort_priority":119},851,"Klaus Schwab","klaus-schwab","Klaus Schwab is a technocratic globalist who founded the World Economic Forum and evangelized \"stakeholder capitalism,\" making Davos a byword for global elite governance",1938,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fklaus-schwab.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":262},{"id":263,"era":113,"name":264,"slug":265,"one_line":266,"is_living":110,"birth_year":167,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":267,"sort_priority":119},855,"Larry Fink","larry-fink","Larry Fink is a centrist, managerial financier who pushed corporate purpose and ESG into mainstream governance debate — then became a lightning rod for the backlash against 'woke capitalism'","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Flarry-fink.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":269},{"id":270,"era":113,"name":271,"slug":272,"one_line":273,"is_living":110,"birth_year":274,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":275,"sort_priority":119},859,"Laurene Powell Jobs","laurene-powell-jobs","Laurene Powell Jobs is a progressive, Democratic-aligned philanthropist whose Emerson Collective channels private wealth into social change through a market-oriented, venture-style model",1963,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Flaurene-powell-jobs.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":277},{"id":278,"era":113,"name":279,"slug":280,"one_line":281,"is_living":110,"birth_year":117,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":282,"sort_priority":119},864,"Marc Benioff","marc-benioff","Marc Benioff is the Salesforce founder and leading advocate of stakeholder capitalism, arguing that corporations owe obligations to society beyond shareholder profit and should tackle problems governments have failed to solve","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmarc-benioff.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":284},{"id":285,"era":113,"name":286,"slug":287,"one_line":288,"is_living":110,"birth_year":117,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":289,"sort_priority":119},879,"Melinda French Gates","melinda-french-gates","Melinda French Gates is a liberal, reform-minded philanthropist who reframed global development around gender equity, making women's empowerment central to arguments about poverty and progress","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmelinda-french-gates.webp",{"is_primary":291,"thinkers":292},false,{"id":293,"era":294,"name":295,"slug":296,"one_line":297,"is_living":291,"birth_year":298,"death_year":167,"portrait_url":299,"sort_priority":300},6,"20th Century","John Dewey","john-dewey","John Dewey was a pragmatist philosopher of democratic liberalism whose ideas shaped progressive education, democratic theory, and American liberal thought throughout the 20th century",1859,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fjohn-dewey.webp",10,{"is_primary":291,"thinkers":302},{"id":303,"era":304,"name":305,"slug":306,"one_line":307,"is_living":291,"birth_year":308,"death_year":309,"portrait_url":310,"sort_priority":119},677,"Progressive Era","Woodrow Wilson","woodrow-wilson","Woodrow Wilson was a progressive reformer at home and an idealistic internationalist abroad — the 28th president whose vision of a new world order shaped and haunted the 20th century",1856,1924,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fwilson.webp",{"is_primary":291,"thinkers":312},{"id":313,"era":304,"name":314,"slug":315,"one_line":316,"is_living":291,"birth_year":317,"death_year":318,"portrait_url":319,"sort_priority":119},1029,"Jane Addams","jane-addams","Jane Addams was an American reformer who built the settlement house into a laboratory for democratic social action and made peace activism a matter of political principle.",1860,1935,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fjane-addams.webp",{"is_primary":291,"thinkers":321},{"id":322,"era":304,"name":323,"slug":324,"one_line":325,"is_living":291,"birth_year":326,"death_year":327,"portrait_url":328,"sort_priority":119},621,"Theodore Roosevelt","theodore-roosevelt","Theodore Roosevelt was a progressive nationalist, the 26th president whose trust-busting, conservation, and Square Deal fused domestic reform with expanding American power abroad",1858,1919,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fteddyroosevelt.webp",[],[331,333,334,335,337,339],{"archetype_slug":8,"shared_thinker_count":332},7,{"archetype_slug":14,"shared_thinker_count":332},{"archetype_slug":17,"shared_thinker_count":332},{"archetype_slug":83,"shared_thinker_count":336},4,{"archetype_slug":11,"shared_thinker_count":338},2,{"archetype_slug":44,"shared_thinker_count":338}]