[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-nationalism":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":14,"name":15},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":17,"name":18},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":108,"definingArchetypes":269,"sharedArchetypes":270},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107},479,"nationalism","Nationalism","The principle that humanity divides into nations, that each is entitled to govern itself, and that political and national boundaries should coincide.","The principle that humanity is divided into nations, that each is entitled to govern itself, and that political and national units should therefore coincide. Stated that plainly it is among the most successful political ideas in history — nearly every state on earth now claims legitimacy in its terms — and among the most contested in its implications.\n\nIts intellectual sources pull in different directions. Herder supplied the cultural version: peoples are constituted by language, poetry and inherited ways of life, each valuable in itself and none rankable against the others. The French Revolution supplied the civic version: the nation as the body of citizens in whom sovereignty resides, membership defined by allegiance rather than descent. The distinction between civic and ethnic nationalism descends from that difference, though critics note it flatters the states that claim the civic label, since every civic nation has a dominant culture its members are quietly expected to assimilate into.\n\nScholarship has largely inverted the tradition's self-understanding. Ernest Gellner argued that nationalism produces nations rather than the reverse — that industrial society requires a mobile, literate, culturally standardised population, and that mass schooling manufactures the nation it claims to express. Benedict Anderson's imagined communities located the mechanism in print capitalism, which let strangers conceive of themselves as contemporaries in a single society. Anthony Smith's ethnosymbolism pushed back, arguing modern nations are built from real pre-modern ethnic materials rather than conjured.\n\nIts record is genuinely double. Nationalism drove decolonisation and remains the principal argument available to peoples under foreign rule; it also underwrites expulsion, partition and genocide, since a doctrine requiring political and national boundaries to coincide implies moving one or the other. Contemporary national conservatives such as Yoram Hazony argue the nation-state is the only proven vessel for self-government and mutual obligation; their critics reply that the boundary is always drawn by someone, and rarely by those it excludes.","18th century to present",[109,121,129,137,145,153,161,169,177,185,193,200,208,216,225,232,242,250,260],{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":111},true,{"id":112,"era":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"one_line":116,"is_living":110,"birth_year":117,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":119,"sort_priority":120},1060,"Contemporary","Narendra Modi","narendra-modi","Narendra Modi is India's prime minister who fused Hindu-nationalist ideology with mass electoral politics, remaking the world's largest democracy around a majoritarian vision of national identity.",1950,null,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fnarendra-modi.webp",5,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":122},{"id":123,"era":118,"name":124,"slug":125,"one_line":126,"is_living":110,"birth_year":127,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":128,"sort_priority":120},898,"Palmer Luckey","palmer-luckey","Palmer Luckey is a techno-nationalist entrepreneur who champions a hawkish, patriotic vision of Silicon Valley rearming America to deter its adversaries",1992,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fpalmer-luckey.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":130},{"id":131,"era":118,"name":132,"slug":133,"one_line":134,"is_living":110,"birth_year":135,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":136,"sort_priority":120},940,"Stephen Miller","stephen-miller","Stephen Miller is a nationalist immigration restrictionist, the architect of Trump-era border policy who recast migration as an existential fight over sovereignty and national identity",1985,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fstephen-miller.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":138},{"id":139,"era":118,"name":140,"slug":141,"one_line":142,"is_living":110,"birth_year":143,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":144,"sort_priority":120},954,"Viktor Orbán","viktor-orban","Viktor Orbán is Hungary's national-conservative prime minister who turned \"illiberal democracy\" into a governing project and a template for sovereigntist movements worldwide",1963,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fviktor-orban.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":146},{"id":147,"era":113,"name":148,"slug":149,"one_line":150,"is_living":110,"birth_year":151,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":152,"sort_priority":120},1097,"Vladimir Putin","vladimir-putin","Vladimir Putin is a Russian leader who fused centralized state power with civilizational nationalism, reshaping how sovereignty, order, and resistance to the liberal West are argued worldwide.",1952,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fvladimir-putin.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":154},{"id":155,"era":118,"name":156,"slug":157,"one_line":158,"is_living":110,"birth_year":159,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":160,"sort_priority":120},795,"Christopher Caldwell","christopher-caldwell","Christopher Caldwell is a conservative essayist, influential in national-conservative circles, who argues that mass immigration and the civil-rights revolution remade Western politics more deeply than elites admit",1962,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fchristopher-caldwell.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":162},{"id":163,"era":118,"name":164,"slug":165,"one_line":166,"is_living":110,"birth_year":167,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":168,"sort_priority":120},847,"Julius Krein","julius-krein","Julius Krein is an economic-nationalist conservative and founder of American Affairs who turned an early defense of Trump-era populism into a serious intellectual case for industrial policy",1986,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fjulius-krein.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":170},{"id":171,"era":118,"name":172,"slug":173,"one_line":174,"is_living":110,"birth_year":175,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":176,"sort_priority":120},895,"Nick Fuentes","nick-fuentes","Nick Fuentes is an American white nationalist streamer whose 'America First' Groyper movement pushes racist and antisemitic nationalism into online youth politics from the right of mainstream conservatism",1998,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fnick-fuentes.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":178},{"id":179,"era":118,"name":180,"slug":181,"one_line":182,"is_living":110,"birth_year":183,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":184,"sort_priority":120},897,"Oren Cass","oren-cass","Oren Cass is a national-conservative economic thinker who founded American Compass to pull the American right away from free-market orthodoxy toward pro-worker, pro-family industrial policy",1983,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Foren-cass.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":186},{"id":187,"era":118,"name":188,"slug":189,"one_line":190,"is_living":110,"birth_year":191,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":192,"sort_priority":120},934,"Sebastian Gorka","sebastian-gorka","Sebastian Gorka is a nationalist-populist security commentator who fused hardline counterterrorism rhetoric with Trump-era themes of sovereignty, borders, and Western identity",1970,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fsebastian-gorka.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":194},{"id":195,"era":118,"name":196,"slug":197,"one_line":198,"is_living":110,"birth_year":167,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":199,"sort_priority":120},784,"Blake Masters","blake-masters","Blake Masters is a national-conservative Republican and Thiel protégé who blended Silicon Valley contrarianism with nationalist populism in two failed Arizona campaigns","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fblake-masters.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":201},{"id":202,"era":118,"name":203,"slug":204,"one_line":205,"is_living":110,"birth_year":206,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":207,"sort_priority":120},818,"Giorgia Meloni","giorgia-meloni","Giorgia Meloni, Italy's first female prime minister, is a national conservative whose blend of cultural traditionalism and populist rhetoric reshaped the European right",1977,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fgiorgia-meloni.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":209},{"id":210,"era":118,"name":211,"slug":212,"one_line":213,"is_living":110,"birth_year":214,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":215,"sort_priority":120},825,"J.D. Vance","jd-vance","J.D. Vance is a national conservative of the New Right who fused populist economic nationalism with cultural traditionalism on his rise from memoirist to Vice President",1984,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fjd-vance.webp",{"is_primary":217,"thinkers":218},false,{"id":219,"era":113,"name":220,"slug":221,"one_line":222,"is_living":110,"birth_year":223,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":224,"sort_priority":120},1099,"Wang Huning","wang-huning","Wang Huning is the CCP's most durable in-house theorist, a former political scientist who shaped the guiding ideologies of Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping.",1955,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fwang-huning.webp",{"is_primary":217,"thinkers":226},{"id":227,"era":118,"name":228,"slug":229,"one_line":230,"is_living":110,"birth_year":159,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":231,"sort_priority":120},883,"Michael Lind","michael-lind","Michael Lind is an American economic nationalist who champions the interests of the working class against a globalized professional elite","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmichael-lind.webp",{"is_primary":217,"thinkers":233},{"id":234,"era":235,"name":236,"slug":237,"one_line":238,"is_living":217,"birth_year":239,"death_year":240,"portrait_url":241,"sort_priority":120},1008,"19th Century","Giuseppe Mazzini","giuseppe-mazzini","Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary and prophet of democratic nationalism who fused national self-determination with republican duty and the vision of a fraternal Europe of free peoples.",1805,1872,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fgiuseppe-mazzini.webp",{"is_primary":217,"thinkers":243},{"id":244,"era":118,"name":245,"slug":246,"one_line":247,"is_living":110,"birth_year":248,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":249,"sort_priority":120},961,"Yoram Hazony","yoram-hazony","Yoram Hazony is an Israeli philosopher and leading advocate of nationalism whose defense of the nation-state gave intellectual shape to the 21st-century national conservative movement",1964,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fyoram-hazony.webp",{"is_primary":217,"thinkers":251},{"id":252,"era":253,"name":254,"slug":255,"one_line":256,"is_living":217,"birth_year":257,"death_year":258,"portrait_url":259,"sort_priority":120},1045,"20th Century","Kwame Nkrumah","kwame-nkrumah","Kwame Nkrumah was Ghana's founding leader and pan-Africanism's foremost architect, who fused anti-colonial nationalism with African socialism and continental unity.",1909,1972,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fkwame-nkrumah.webp",{"is_primary":217,"thinkers":261},{"id":262,"era":235,"name":263,"slug":264,"one_line":265,"is_living":217,"birth_year":266,"death_year":267,"portrait_url":268,"sort_priority":120},1004,"Friedrich List","friedrich-list","Friedrich List was a German economist who argued that developing nations must protect their infant industries to build the productive power a united nation requires.",1789,1846,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Ffriedrich-list.webp",[],[271,273,274,276,278,279],{"archetype_slug":86,"shared_thinker_count":272},6,{"archetype_slug":35,"shared_thinker_count":120},{"archetype_slug":38,"shared_thinker_count":275},3,{"archetype_slug":50,"shared_thinker_count":277},2,{"archetype_slug":26,"shared_thinker_count":277},{"archetype_slug":92,"shared_thinker_count":277}]