[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-mercantilism":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":17,"name":18},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":20,"name":21},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":23,"name":24},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":26,"name":27},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":29,"name":30},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":32,"name":33},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":35,"name":36},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":38,"name":39},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":41,"name":42},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":44,"name":45},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":47,"name":48},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":53,"name":54},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":56,"name":57},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":108,"definingArchetypes":139,"sharedArchetypes":140,"relOut":143,"relIn":144},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107},491,"mercantilism","Mercantilism","The doctrine that national wealth is a stock to be accumulated rather than a flow to be generated, and that trade is a contest in which one country's gain is another's loss.","Mercantilism is less a school than the operating assumption of European statecraft from the sixteenth century to the eighteenth, and it is named chiefly by its enemies — Adam Smith coined \"the mercantile system\" in order to demolish it.\n\nIts core claim is that a nation's wealth consists in its stock of treasure, and that the object of policy is therefore a favorable balance of trade: export more than you import and the difference arrives as bullion. From this follow the instruments that defined the period — tariffs, navigation acts, chartered monopolies, bounties on export, prohibitions on the export of raw wool or skilled artisans, and colonies understood as captive markets and sources of materials that must not be allowed to manufacture for themselves.\n\nUnderlying it is a picture of trade as zero-sum. Thomas Mun, writing for the East India Company, argued that a nation grows rich exactly as its neighbors grow poor; Colbert built French industrial policy on the premise and made the state the principal entrepreneur. The doctrine was never systematized by its holders because it did not need to be: it was what ministers and merchants took for granted.\n\nIts importance to everything downstream is that it supplied the target. The Physiocrats attacked it for mistaking treasure for wealth and neglecting agriculture; Smith attacked it for confusing money with the goods money buys, and for legislating in the interest of producers against consumers. Free-trade liberalism is unintelligible except as an argument against this system, and every subsequent revival of protection — List's national economy, twentieth-century import substitution, contemporary industrial policy — is a return to some part of it.","16th to 18th century",[109,121,129],{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":111},false,{"id":112,"era":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"one_line":116,"is_living":110,"birth_year":117,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":119,"sort_priority":120},1244,"Early modern","Thomas Mun","thomas-mun","Argued that a nation grows rich by selling more to foreigners than it buys, making the balance of trade the measure of policy.",1571,1641,null,5,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":122},{"id":123,"era":113,"name":124,"slug":125,"one_line":126,"is_living":110,"birth_year":127,"death_year":128,"portrait_url":119,"sort_priority":120},1245,"Jean-Baptiste Colbert","jean-baptiste-colbert","Louis XIV's finance minister, who built French industry by state direction and gave mercantilism its most complete application.",1619,1683,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":130},{"id":131,"era":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"one_line":135,"is_living":110,"birth_year":136,"death_year":137,"portrait_url":138,"sort_priority":120},1004,"19th Century","Friedrich List","friedrich-list","Friedrich List was a German economist who argued that developing nations must protect their infant industries to build the productive power a united nation requires.",1789,1846,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Ffriedrich-list.webp",[],[141],{"archetype_slug":86,"shared_thinker_count":142},1,[],[145,153,161,164],{"relation_type":146,"strength":147,"description":148,"traditions":149},"descends_from","significant","The Tableau was built to answer the mercantile system on its own ground, and takes from it the premise it then inverts: that a nation's wealth is a definite quantity policy can be held responsible for.",{"name":150,"slug":151,"era_marker":152},"Physiocracy","physiocracy","18th century",{"relation_type":154,"strength":155,"description":156,"traditions":157},"reacts_against","foundational","The Wealth of Nations is a sustained attack on \"the mercantile system\", which Smith named in order to demolish: it confuses money with the goods money buys, and legislates for producers against consumers.",{"name":158,"slug":159,"era_marker":160},"Political Economy","political-economy","18th century to present",{"relation_type":154,"strength":147,"description":162,"traditions":163},"The Physiocrats held that Colbert had beggared French agriculture to subsidise manufactures, mistaking treasure for wealth and the sterile class for the productive one.",{"name":150,"slug":151,"era_marker":152},{"relation_type":154,"strength":155,"description":165,"traditions":166},"Free trade is the liberal position defined against the tariff, the chartered monopoly and the navigation act — the whole apparatus by which the state directed commerce.",{"name":167,"slug":168,"era_marker":169},"Classical Liberalism","classical-liberalism","17th-19th century"]