[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-liberation-theology":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":14,"name":15},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":17,"name":18},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":108,"definingArchetypes":163,"sharedArchetypes":164},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107},477,"liberation-theology","Liberation Theology","The Latin American Christian tradition that reads the Gospel from the standpoint of the poor and treats structural injustice, not merely personal sin, as what salvation must address.","The Christian tradition, formed in Latin America in the 1960s, that reads scripture from the standpoint of the poor and treats structural injustice as a theological problem rather than a merely political one. Its organising claim is the preferential option for the poor: that God is not neutral between the oppressed and their oppressors, and that a theology which counsels patience to the hungry has misread its own texts.\n\nGustavo Gutiérrez's A Theology of Liberation (1971) gave the movement its name and its method, arguing that theology should begin from praxis — from committed action alongside the poor — rather than from doctrine applied afterwards. The Latin American bishops' conferences at Medellín in 1968 and Puebla in 1979 brought the language into official church teaching. Its characteristic institution was the base ecclesial community, small lay groups reading the Gospel against their own conditions, which functioned as both catechesis and political organisation. Paulo Freire's pedagogy of the oppressed developed in the same milieu and on the same premise, that the oppressed are subjects of their own liberation rather than objects of someone else's programme.\n\nRome's response was severe. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, under Cardinal Ratzinger, issued instructions in 1984 and 1986 warning that the movement had borrowed Marxist class analysis in ways incompatible with Christian anthropology, and that reducing salvation to political emancipation emptied it. Leonardo Boff was silenced; the Vatican appointed conservative bishops across the region. Óscar Romero, who had moved from cautious conservatism to open denunciation of state killing, was assassinated at the altar in 1980.\n\nThe movement is smaller than it was, weakened by Rome, by the fall of the regimes it opposed, and by Pentecostalism's growth among the poor it addressed. Francis, the first Latin American pope, partially rehabilitated it — canonising Romero and adopting much of its vocabulary while keeping its Marxist apparatus at arm's length. Its method has meanwhile travelled, producing Black, feminist, Palestinian and Dalit liberation theologies.","20th century to present",[109,121,129,137,147,155],{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":111},true,{"id":112,"era":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"one_line":116,"is_living":117,"birth_year":113,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":119,"sort_priority":120},687,null,"Gustavo Gutiérrez","gustavo-gutierrez","Gustavo Gutiérrez was the Peruvian priest who founded liberation theology, insisting that Christian faith take the side of the poor and confront the structures that produce poverty",false,2024,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fgustavo-gutierrez.webp",5,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":122},{"id":123,"era":113,"name":124,"slug":125,"one_line":126,"is_living":117,"birth_year":113,"death_year":127,"portrait_url":128,"sort_priority":120},693,"Oscar Romero","oscar-romero","Oscar Romero was the Salvadoran archbishop whose defense of the poor against state terror made him liberation theology's most famous martyr and a canonized symbol of the church confronting unjust power",1980,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Foscar-romero.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":130},{"id":131,"era":113,"name":132,"slug":133,"one_line":134,"is_living":110,"birth_year":135,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":136,"sort_priority":120},935,"Shane Claiborne","shane-claiborne","Shane Claiborne is a Christian pacifist activist who fuses radical discipleship with progressive social action, urging believers to embody the gospel through communal living and nonviolence",1975,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fshane-claiborne.webp",{"is_primary":117,"thinkers":138},{"id":139,"era":140,"name":141,"slug":142,"one_line":143,"is_living":117,"birth_year":144,"death_year":145,"portrait_url":146,"sort_priority":120},1066,"20th Century","Paulo Freire","paulo-freire","Paulo Freire was a Brazilian educator whose theory of education as a practice of liberation reframed teaching as a political act of consciousness-raising against oppression.",1921,1997,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fpaulo-freire.webp",{"is_primary":117,"thinkers":148},{"id":149,"era":113,"name":150,"slug":151,"one_line":152,"is_living":110,"birth_year":153,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":154,"sort_priority":120},798,"Cornel West","cornel-west","Cornel West is a prophetic Christian democratic socialist whose fusion of Black liberation, pragmatism, and moral critique made him one of America's most prominent public intellectuals",1953,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fcornel-west.webp",{"is_primary":117,"thinkers":156},{"id":157,"era":113,"name":158,"slug":159,"one_line":160,"is_living":110,"birth_year":161,"death_year":113,"portrait_url":162,"sort_priority":120},912,"Rev. William Barber II","rev-william-barber-ii","Rev. William Barber II is a progressive minister in the Black social gospel tradition whose coalitional 'moral movement' politics frames poverty, racism, and inequality as interlocking moral concerns",1963,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Frev-william-barber-ii.webp",[],[165,166],{"archetype_slug":59,"shared_thinker_count":120},{"archetype_slug":56,"shared_thinker_count":167},1]