[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-islamic-political-thought":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":14,"name":15},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":17,"name":18},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":108,"definingArchetypes":141,"sharedArchetypes":142},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107},466,"islamic-political-thought","Islamic Political Thought","The tradition of reasoning about legitimate authority, law and community from Islamic sources — spanning classical jurisprudence, the caliphate debate, and modern Islamism and its critics.","The tradition of reasoning about legitimate authority, law and community from the Quran, the practice of the Prophet and the accumulated body of Islamic jurisprudence. Its organising question is the relationship between revealed law and human government: whether rulers derive authority from applying sharia, from consent, from lineage, or from the simple necessity of order.\n\nThe classical tradition is more varied than modern polemic suggests. Al-Farabi transposed Plato's philosopher-king into an Islamic virtuous city; al-Mawardi wrote a legalist account of the imamate that conceded much to the political facts of his day; al-Ghazali argued that even flawed rule is preferable to civil strife; Ibn Taymiyya pushed toward a stricter subordination of ruler to law; and Ibn Khaldun, standing somewhat outside the genre, explained the rise and decay of dynasties through asabiyyah, group solidarity, in what reads as sociology centuries before the discipline existed.\n\nModern Islamism is a response to colonial subordination rather than a simple continuation. Al-Afghani and Abduh sought to reconcile Islam with modern science and constitutional government; Rashid Rida moved toward restoring the caliphate; Mawdudi introduced hakimiyya, God's exclusive sovereignty, which Sayyid Qutb radicalised in Milestones (1964) by declaring existing Muslim societies to be in a state of pre-Islamic ignorance and therefore legitimate targets. Khomeini's velayat-e faqih — rule by the jurist — was a Shi'i innovation without real precedent, contested by senior clerics who held that clerical rule corrupts both religion and government.\n\nThe Islamist current is a minority position within a much larger field. Constitutionalist and democratic strands run from the Ottoman and Iranian constitutional movements to Ghannouchi's argument that democracy is the appropriate modern form of consultative rule, and the quietist majority of jurists have historically kept clerical authority out of government entirely. Reading the tradition as though Qutb were its natural endpoint misdescribes fourteen centuries of argument.","7th century to present",[109,122,131],{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":111},true,{"id":112,"era":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"one_line":116,"is_living":117,"birth_year":118,"death_year":119,"portrait_url":120,"sort_priority":121},618,"20th Century","Ayatollah Khomeini","ayatollah-khomeini","Ayatollah Khomeini was the Shia cleric and Islamic revolutionary who overthrew Iran's Shah in 1979 and built a durable theocratic republic on the doctrine of clerical rule",false,1902,1989,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fkhomeini.webp",5,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":123},{"id":124,"era":113,"name":125,"slug":126,"one_line":127,"is_living":117,"birth_year":128,"death_year":129,"portrait_url":130,"sort_priority":121},1086,"Sayyid Qutb","sayyid-qutb","Sayyid Qutb was an Egyptian Islamist theorist whose call to overturn 'un-Islamic' order and rebuild sovereignty under God became a founding text for revolutionary jihadism.",1906,1966,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fsayyid-qutb.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":132},{"id":133,"era":134,"name":135,"slug":136,"one_line":137,"is_living":110,"birth_year":138,"death_year":139,"portrait_url":140,"sort_priority":121},1075,"Contemporary","Recep Tayyip Erdoğan","recep-tayyip-erdogan","Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is the Turkish leader who fused political Islam with populist nationalism, remaking a secular republic around pious majority rule and personalized power.",1954,null,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Frecep-tayyip-erdogan.webp",[],[143,145],{"archetype_slug":50,"shared_thinker_count":144},1,{"archetype_slug":35,"shared_thinker_count":144}]