[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-fascism":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":44,"name":45},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":47,"name":48},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":53,"name":54},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":98,"name":99},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":113,"definingArchetypes":164,"sharedArchetypes":165},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107,"sort_priority":108,"created_at":109,"is_foundational":110,"tradition_type":111,"primary_axis":112},461,"fascism","Fascism","The authoritarian, ultranationalist tradition that fuses nation, state, and leader into a single organic whole, exalts will, action, and violence over reason, and defines itself against both liberalism and Marxism.","The political tradition that emerged in early 20th-century Europe — first as Mussolini's Italian Fascism, then in its most radical form as German National Socialism — fusing the nation, the state, and the leader into a single organic whole and seeking national rebirth through will, discipline, and violence. Its intellectual roots run through Georges Sorel's myth of revolutionary violence and Giovanni Gentile's \"actual idealism,\" the philosophy Gentile wrote for the Italian regime, and it draws on a wider authoritarian and anti-liberal current that includes Carl Schmitt's decisionist legal theory and Julius Evola's radical Traditionalism. Fascism rejects liberal individualism, parliamentary democracy, and Marxist class analysis alike, replacing them with hierarchy, myth, and the cult of the nation and its leader. It is studied today primarily as a historical tradition — its regimes defeated by 1945 — though its themes recur in contemporary far-right and authoritarian-nationalist movements.","20th century to present",8,"2026-06-09T05:16:03.11247+00:00",false,"national","nation",[114,123,129,138,146,155],{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":116},true,{"id":117,"era":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"one_line":121,"birth_year":118,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":118,"sort_priority":122},726,null,"Giovanni Gentile","giovanni-gentile","Giovanni Gentile was the philosopher of Italian Fascism whose 'actual idealism' fused individual and state, giving the movement its most systematic intellectual foundation",5,{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":124},{"id":125,"era":118,"name":126,"slug":127,"one_line":128,"birth_year":118,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":118,"sort_priority":122},728,"Julius Evola","julius-evola","Julius Evola was an Italian Traditionalist philosopher of the radical right whose anti-egalitarian vision of a spiritual aristocracy remains a touchstone for far-right and identitarian currents",{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":130},{"id":131,"era":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"one_line":135,"birth_year":136,"death_year":137,"portrait_url":118,"sort_priority":122},616,"20th Century","Adolf Hitler","adolf-hitler","Adolf Hitler was the Nazi dictator who dismantled German democracy, perpetrated the industrialized murder of six million Jews, and plunged the world into the Second World War",1889,1945,{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":139},{"id":140,"era":132,"name":141,"slug":142,"one_line":143,"birth_year":144,"death_year":137,"portrait_url":145,"sort_priority":122},635,"Benito Mussolini","benito-mussolini","Benito Mussolini was the founder of fascism and dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943, whose model of authoritarian nationalism influenced movements worldwide, including Nazism",1883,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmussolini.webp",{"is_primary":115,"thinkers":147},{"id":148,"era":132,"name":149,"slug":150,"one_line":151,"birth_year":152,"death_year":153,"portrait_url":154,"sort_priority":122},641,"Francisco Franco","francisco-franco","Francisco Franco was Spain's authoritarian dictator, whose regime fused Catholic traditionalism, Spanish nationalism, and anti-communism across nearly four decades of repressive rule",1892,1975,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Ffranco.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":156},{"id":157,"era":132,"name":158,"slug":159,"one_line":160,"birth_year":161,"death_year":162,"portrait_url":118,"sort_priority":163},61,"Carl Schmitt","carl-schmitt","Carl Schmitt was an anti-liberal legal theorist and committed Nazi whose accounts of sovereignty, the state of exception, and the friend-enemy distinction still haunt debates over liberal democracy",1888,1985,10,[],[166,167,169,170],{"archetype_slug":53,"shared_thinker_count":122},{"archetype_slug":50,"shared_thinker_count":168},1,{"archetype_slug":86,"shared_thinker_count":168},{"archetype_slug":35,"shared_thinker_count":168}]