[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"tradition-black-political-thought":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":14,"name":15},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":17,"name":18},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"tradition":101,"thinkers":108,"definingArchetypes":252,"sharedArchetypes":253},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"short_description":105,"long_description":106,"era_marker":107},474,"black-political-thought","Black Political Thought","The tradition generated by the struggle against slavery, segregation and racial subordination — and by the long internal argument over integration, separation and class.","The body of political thought generated by the struggle against slavery, segregation and racial subordination in the Americas, and by the long internal argument over what liberation would actually consist of.\n\nIts founding modern statement is W. E. B. Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk (1903), which introduced double consciousness — the experience of seeing oneself through the eyes of a contemptuous society — and framed the colour line as the century's defining problem. Black Reconstruction (1935) followed with a historical argument of equal consequence: that emancipated slaves were the agents of American democracy's brief expansion, and that its rollback required a scholarly mythology to justify it.\n\nThe tradition's spine is a disagreement rather than a doctrine. Booker T. Washington counselled accommodation, vocational advancement and patience; Du Bois attacked that as surrender and demanded political agitation and higher education. Marcus Garvey rejected both, arguing that a despised minority could not negotiate its way to dignity and must build separately. That argument recurred in the 1960s between King's integrationist nonviolence and Malcolm X's insistence on self-defence and self-determination, and it has never resolved because both positions describe something real.\n\nLater generations added axes rather than settling the original one. Kimberlé Crenshaw's intersectionality argued that frameworks organised around a single category systematically lose the people who sit at their intersections; bell hooks pressed the same point through class and gender together. Adolph Reed Jr. represents the standing counter-argument from the left — that a politics organised around racial identity rather than material class interest fragments the coalition capable of winning redistribution, and suits elites in both parties. The dispute between them is currently the tradition's most active front.","19th century to present",[109,121,129,137,145,155,163,173,181,189,197,206,215,225,234,242],{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":111},true,{"id":112,"era":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"one_line":116,"is_living":110,"birth_year":117,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":119,"sort_priority":120},1009,"Contemporary","Glenn Loury","glenn-loury","Glenn Loury is an American economist whose work on race, social capital, and self-reliance challenged both progressive orthodoxy and easy conservative narratives about Black America.",1948,null,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fglenn-loury.webp",5,{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":122},{"id":123,"era":113,"name":124,"slug":125,"one_line":126,"is_living":110,"birth_year":127,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":128,"sort_priority":120},1023,"Ibram X. Kendi","ibram-x-kendi","Ibram X. Kendi is an American historian and public intellectual whose theory of antiracism reframes racial inequality as a product of policy, insisting there is no neutral middle between racist and antiracist.",1982,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fibram-x-kendi.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":130},{"id":131,"era":118,"name":132,"slug":133,"one_line":134,"is_living":110,"birth_year":135,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":136,"sort_priority":120},943,"Ta-Nehisi Coates","ta-nehisi-coates","Ta-Nehisi Coates is an American essayist of unsentimental racial realism who reframed racism as a structural force at the center of the American story and revived the national case for reparations",1975,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fta-nehisi-coates.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":138},{"id":139,"era":118,"name":140,"slug":141,"one_line":142,"is_living":110,"birth_year":143,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":144,"sort_priority":120},798,"Cornel West","cornel-west","Cornel West is a prophetic Christian democratic socialist whose fusion of Black liberation, pragmatism, and moral critique made him one of America's most prominent public intellectuals",1953,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fcornel-west.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":146},{"id":147,"era":113,"name":148,"slug":149,"one_line":150,"is_living":151,"birth_year":152,"death_year":153,"portrait_url":154,"sort_priority":120},1033,"Jesse Jackson","jesse-jackson","Jesse Jackson was an American civil-rights activist and preacher whose Rainbow Coalition carried Black protest politics into mainstream presidential campaigns and multiracial electoral organizing.",false,1941,2026,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fjesse-jackson.webp",{"is_primary":110,"thinkers":156},{"id":157,"era":118,"name":158,"slug":159,"one_line":160,"is_living":110,"birth_year":161,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":162,"sort_priority":120},912,"Rev. William Barber II","rev-william-barber-ii","Rev. William Barber II is a progressive minister in the Black social gospel tradition whose coalitional 'moral movement' politics frames poverty, racism, and inequality as interlocking moral concerns",1963,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Frev-william-barber-ii.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":164},{"id":165,"era":166,"name":167,"slug":168,"one_line":169,"is_living":151,"birth_year":170,"death_year":171,"portrait_url":172,"sort_priority":120},1026,"20th Century","James Baldwin","james-baldwin","James Baldwin was an American writer whose essays turned the moral and psychological cost of American racism into a searching indictment of the nation's self-image.",1924,1987,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fjames-baldwin.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":174},{"id":175,"era":113,"name":176,"slug":177,"one_line":178,"is_living":110,"birth_year":179,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":180,"sort_priority":120},1043,"Kimberlé Crenshaw","kimberle-crenshaw","Kimberlé Crenshaw is an American legal scholar who coined \"intersectionality\" and helped build critical race theory into a framework for analyzing how law entrenches inequality.",1959,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fkimberle-crenshaw.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":182},{"id":183,"era":118,"name":184,"slug":185,"one_line":186,"is_living":110,"birth_year":187,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":188,"sort_priority":120},761,"Adolph Reed Jr.","adolph-reed-jr","Adolph Reed Jr. is a democratic-socialist political scientist who argues that class-based, universalist politics — not race reductionism — is the surest path to justice on the left",1947,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fadolph-reed-jr.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":190},{"id":191,"era":113,"name":192,"slug":193,"one_line":194,"is_living":110,"birth_year":195,"death_year":118,"portrait_url":196,"sort_priority":120},974,"Angela Davis","angela-davis","Angela Davis is an American activist and philosopher whose Marxist, feminist, and abolitionist thought links racial capitalism, the prison system, and the fight for liberation.",1944,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fangela-davis.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":198},{"id":199,"era":166,"name":200,"slug":201,"one_line":202,"is_living":151,"birth_year":203,"death_year":204,"portrait_url":205,"sort_priority":120},1049,"Marcus Garvey","marcus-garvey","Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican activist who built the largest mass movement of the African diaspora, forging a Black nationalism of racial pride, self-reliance, and pan-African unity.",1887,1940,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmarcus-garvey.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":207},{"id":208,"era":113,"name":209,"slug":210,"one_line":211,"is_living":151,"birth_year":212,"death_year":213,"portrait_url":214,"sort_priority":120},979,"bell hooks","bell-hooks","bell hooks was an American writer and feminist theorist who fused Black feminism, class critique, and a politics of love into a searching challenge to interlocking systems of domination.",1952,2021,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fbell-hooks.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":216},{"id":217,"era":218,"name":219,"slug":220,"one_line":221,"is_living":151,"birth_year":222,"death_year":223,"portrait_url":224,"sort_priority":120},653,"19th Century","Booker T. Washington","booker-t-washington","Booker T. Washington was the most powerful African American leader of his era, advocating economic self-improvement over political agitation while secretly funding legal challenges to segregation",1856,1915,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fbooker-t-washington.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":226},{"id":227,"era":166,"name":228,"slug":229,"one_line":230,"is_living":151,"birth_year":231,"death_year":232,"portrait_url":233,"sort_priority":120},673,"Malcolm X","malcolm-x","Malcolm X was a Black nationalist who preached self-reliance, separatism, and self-defense 'by any means necessary' — until a pilgrimage to Mecca turned him toward a global human-rights vision cut short by assassination",1925,1965,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmalcolmx.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":235},{"id":236,"era":166,"name":237,"slug":238,"one_line":239,"is_living":151,"birth_year":240,"death_year":161,"portrait_url":241,"sort_priority":120},159,"W.E.B. Du Bois","w-e-b-du-bois","W.E.B. Du Bois was a civil rights pioneer and co-founder of the NAACP whose analysis of race, class, and democracy made him the most important African American political thinker of the 20th century",1868,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fw-e-b-du-bois.webp",{"is_primary":151,"thinkers":243},{"id":244,"era":245,"name":246,"slug":247,"one_line":248,"is_living":151,"birth_year":249,"death_year":250,"portrait_url":251,"sort_priority":120},1024,"Progressive Era","Ida B. Wells","ida-b-wells","Ida B. Wells was an African American journalist and activist whose data-driven anti-lynching crusade fused investigative reporting with moral argument to expose racial terror in the American South.",1862,1931,"\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fida-b-wells.webp",[],[254,256,258,259,261,262],{"archetype_slug":14,"shared_thinker_count":255},9,{"archetype_slug":59,"shared_thinker_count":257},2,{"archetype_slug":65,"shared_thinker_count":257},{"archetype_slug":80,"shared_thinker_count":260},1,{"archetype_slug":56,"shared_thinker_count":260},{"archetype_slug":8,"shared_thinker_count":260}]