[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-yoram-hazony":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":44,"name":45},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":47,"name":48},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":53,"name":54},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":98,"name":99},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":120,"traditions":123},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"sort_name":105,"birth_year":106,"death_year":107,"nationality":107,"era":107,"one_line":108,"bio":109,"portrait_url":107,"has_portrait":110,"sort_priority":111,"is_living":112,"created_at":113,"updated_at":114,"search_vector":115,"primary_role":116,"secondary_roles":117,"notable_quotes":118,"historical_tensions":119,"plcf_score":107,"mesr_score":107,"dipg_score":107,"cult_score":107,"figure_descriptor":107,"figure_class":107,"editorial_review":112},961,"yoram-hazony","Yoram Hazony","Hazony, Yoram",1964,null,"Yoram Hazony is an Israeli philosopher and leading advocate of nationalism whose defense of the nation-state gave intellectual shape to the 21st-century national conservative movement","Yoram Hazony is an Israeli philosopher and political theorist best known as a leading intellectual advocate of nationalism as a positive political principle. In his widely discussed book The Virtue of Nationalism, he defends an international order of independent nation-states against what he characterizes as imperial or universalist projects that seek to impose a single political and moral order across borders. He argues that the nation-state protects self-determination, collective loyalty, and the freedom of distinct peoples to govern themselves according to their own traditions, and he casts nationalism and imperialism as the two great rivals in Western political history.\n\nHazony's thought draws heavily on the Hebrew Bible and Jewish political tradition, which he presents as an early source of the idea of the bounded, self-governing nation. He is critical of Enlightenment liberalism and of political theories grounded in abstract universal reason and individual consent, favoring instead an approach rooted in inherited tradition, religion, family, and national community. In this vein he has articulated a form of conservatism that emphasizes empirical experience and transmitted custom over rationalist first principles, positioning himself within a tradition he associates with thinkers such as Edmund Burke.\n\nBeyond his writing, Hazony has been influential as an organizer and institution-builder. He has led Israeli and international intellectual institutions and has helped convene conferences that brought together the loose movement often labeled national conservatism, which unites religious conservatives, sovereigntists, and critics of globalization and supranational governance. Through these efforts he has become a reference point for debates about the future of the political right in the United States, Europe, and Israel, offering a framework that champions national independence, cultural particularism, and skepticism toward transnational institutions.\n\nHazony's arguments have drawn both enthusiastic support and sharp criticism. Admirers credit him with giving coherent philosophical grounding to nationalist and sovereigntist politics, while critics contend that his sharp opposition between nationalism and imperialism oversimplifies history and that his defense of national particularism risks marginalizing minorities and liberal universal norms. Regardless of where one stands, he is widely recognized as one of the most prominent contemporary theorists attempting to rehabilitate nationalism and tradition-based conservatism as respectable intellectual positions.",false,5,true,"2026-05-04T20:40:51.368746+00:00","2026-07-09T03:53:31.894418+00:00","'21st':27B '21st-century':26B 'abstract':179C 'accord':117C 'across':93C 'admir':331C 'advoc':11B,47C 'approach':188C 'argu':96C 'argument':322C 'articul':203C 'associ':225C 'attempt':388C 'base':395C 'becom':286C 'best':41C 'beyond':232C 'bibl':145C 'book':59C 'border':94C 'bound':162C 'brought':260C 'builder':245C 'burk':231C 'cast':124C 'centuri':28B 'champion':310C 'character':77C 'coher':336C 'collect':106C 'communiti':197C 'confer':258C 'consent':184C 'conserv':30B,272C 'conservat':207C,268C,396C 'contemporari':386C 'contend':346C 'conven':257C 'credit':332C 'critic':169C,275C,330C,345C 'cultur':313C 'custom':214C 'debat':291C 'defend':65C 'defens':15B,360C 'determin':105C 'discuss':58C 'distinct':112C 'draw':140C 'drawn':324C 'earli':155C 'edmund':230C 'effort':283C 'emphas':209C 'empir':210C 'enlighten':171C 'enthusiast':326C 'europ':303C 'experi':211C 'famili':194C 'favor':185C 'first':217C 'form':205C 'framework':308C 'freedom':110C 'futur':294C 'gave':21B 'give':335C 'global':277C 'govern':115C,165C,280C 'great':131C 'ground':177C,338C 'hazoni':2A,4B,33C,137C,235C,320C 'heavili':141C 'hebrew':144C 'help':256C 'histori':136C,356C 'idea':159C 'imperi':79C,127C,354C 'impos':86C 'independ':70C,312C 'individu':183C 'influenti':238C 'inherit':191C 'instead':186C 'institut':244C,253C,319C 'institution-build':243C 'intellectu':22B,46C,252C,399C 'intern':67C,251C 'isra':7B,36C,249C 'israel':305C 'jewish':147C 'known':42C 'label':266C 'lead':10B,45C 'led':248C 'liber':172C,368C 'loos':263C 'loyalti':107C 'margin':365C 'minor':366C 'moral':91C 'movement':31B,264C 'nation':13B,19B,29B,49C,63C,72C,100C,125C,166C,196C,267C,311C,352C,362C,391C 'nation-st':18B,71C,99C 'nationalist':340C 'norm':370C 'offer':306C 'often':265C 'one':374C,381C 'opposit':350C 'order':68C,92C 'organ':241C 'oversimplifi':355C 'particular':314C,363C 'peopl':113C 'philosoph':8B,37C,337C 'point':289C 'polit':39C,53C,89C,135C,148C,175C,297C,343C 'posit':52C,219C,400C 'present':152C 'principl':54C,218C 'project':82C 'promin':385C 'protect':102C 'rationalist':216C 'reason':181C 'recogn':379C 'refer':288C 'regardless':371C 'rehabilit':390C 'religi':271C 'religion':193C 'respect':398C 'right':298C 'risk':364C 'rival':132C 'root':189C 'seek':84C 'self':104C,164C 'self-determin':103C 'self-govern':163C 'shape':23B 'sharp':329C,349C 'singl':88C 'skeptic':316C 'sourc':156C 'sovereigntist':273C,342C 'stand':375C 'state':20B,73C,101C,302C 'support':327C 'supran':279C 'theori':176C 'theorist':40C,387C 'thinker':227C 'thought':139C 'togeth':261C 'toward':317C 'tradit':121C,149C,192C,223C,394C 'tradition-bas':393C 'transmit':213C 'transnat':318C 'two':130C 'unit':270C,301C 'univers':180C,369C 'universalist':81C 'vein':200C 'virtu':61C 'western':134C 'whose':14B 'wide':57C,378C 'within':221C 'write':234C 'yoram':1A,3B,32C","philosopher",[],[],[],[121],{"archetype_slug":86,"strength":111,"description":122},"The Virtue of Nationalism defended the nation-state not as a grudging compromise but as a positive good — the argument that gave your movement its intellectual spine, from the Israeli philosopher who shaped 21st-century national conservatism.",[]]