[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-thomas-mun":100,"$fS2z9kSFgbP25UE6vBZv6VziJS-0zeQN-RVqRPUvyCqE":152},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":8,"name":9},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":11,"name":12},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":14,"name":15},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":17,"name":18},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":20,"name":21},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":23,"name":24},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":26,"name":27},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":29,"name":30},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":32,"name":33},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":35,"name":36},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":44,"name":45},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":47,"name":48},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":50,"name":51},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":53,"name":54},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":56,"name":57},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":62,"name":63},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":65,"name":66},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":71,"name":72},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":74,"name":75},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":77,"name":78},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":98,"name":99},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":122,"homeOut":123,"homeIn":124,"works":141,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":142},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1244,"thomas-mun","Thomas Mun","Argued that a nation grows rich by selling more to foreigners than it buys, making the balance of trade the measure of policy.","Thomas Mun was a director of the East India Company and the most lucid English statement of the mercantile system, which he was defending rather than describing.\n\nThe Company was under attack for exporting silver to Asia, which on the crude bullionist view was a direct drain on national wealth. Mun's answer, in England's Treasure by Forraign Trade — written in the 1620s, published by his son in 1664 — was that the objection mistook a stage for the whole. Silver sent east buys spices and calicoes; some are consumed at home and some re-exported to Europe at a profit; what returns exceeds what left. The right measure is therefore not any single transaction but the balance of the kingdom's whole trade over a year: \"sell more to strangers yearly than wee consume of theirs in value.\"\n\nThat formulation is the mercantile system's clearest self-description, and it contains the assumptions that made it a target. Wealth is a stock of treasure rather than a flow of goods; trade is a contest in which the surplus one country gains another must lose; and the state is therefore justified in shaping commerce by tariff, monopoly grant and navigation law. Mun also drew the conclusions employers usually draw from it, arguing against domestic consumption and for wages low enough to keep exports competitive.\n\nSmith read him closely and attacked him by name, and the modern balance-of-payments account descends from his framing even where the policy conclusions have been abandoned. The mercantile argument has never really gone away: every case for industrial policy and managed trade restates some part of it.",1571,1641,"English","economist","Early modern",null,[],[115],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},491,"Mercantilism","mercantilism","The doctrine that national wealth is a stock to be accumulated rather than a flow to be generated, and that trade is a contest in which one country's gain is another's loss.",[],[],[125,130,135,137],{"relation_type":126,"traditions":127},"descends_from",{"name":128,"slug":129},"Physiocracy","physiocracy",{"relation_type":131,"traditions":132},"reacts_against",{"name":133,"slug":134},"Political Economy","political-economy",{"relation_type":131,"traditions":136},{"name":128,"slug":129},{"relation_type":131,"traditions":138},{"name":139,"slug":140},"Classical Liberalism","classical-liberalism",[],[143,144,148],{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":145,"slug":146,"birth_year":147},"Jean-Baptiste Colbert","jean-baptiste-colbert",1619,{"name":149,"slug":150,"birth_year":151},"Friedrich List","friedrich-list",1789,{"cards":153,"influenced":154,"shapedBy":155,"outbound":156},[],[],[],0]