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She married Louis-Yves Aubry in 1765 and had a son, Pierre, the next year. After she was widowed, she took the name Olympe de Gouges and in 1770 moved to Paris, where she wrote for the theater and, from the late 1780s, published a steady run of political pamphlets and wall posters.\n\nSlavery was an early subject. Her play Zamore et Mirza, ou l'heureux naufrage, dated to 1784, entered the Comédie-Française repertoire in 1785, but its message of equality between Black and white people was judged inflammatory, and it was not staged until December 1789, retitled L'Esclavage des Noirs; it closed after three performances. She also wrote Réflexions sur les hommes nègres. Her pamphlets proposed a voluntary patriotic tax (1788), legal divorce, the abolition of the death penalty, and civil rights for unmarried mothers and for children born outside marriage.\n\nHer best-known text, the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, appeared in September 1791 with a dedication to Marie Antoinette. It answered the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen by claiming its rights for women. Article I opens: \"Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights.\" Article X holds that \"woman has the right to mount the scaffold, so she should have the right equally to mount the rostrum.\" A postscript began \"Women, wake up,\" and the text closed with a model marriage contract that held property in common and recognized children whether or not they were born in wedlock. The Legislative Assembly declined to examine it.\n\nHer constitutional views were moderate for the period. She favored a constitutional monarchy on the English model, and after the monarchy fell she aligned with the Girondins and attacked Robespierre in print. When Louis XVI was tried she offered in a placard to defend him. In May or June 1793 her poster Les Trois Urnes called for a referendum in which the nation would choose among a unitary republic, a federal government, and a constitutional monarchy. She was arrested in the summer of 1793 and tried under the law of 29 March 1793, which punished writings that incited the restoration of royalty. The revolutionary tribunal condemned her, and she was guillotined in Paris on 3 November 1793; one account dates the execution a day later.",1748,1793,"French","writer","Enlightenment","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Folympe-de-gouges.webp",null,[115],{"archetype_slug":65,"strength":116,"description":117},7,"If women can mount the scaffold, they can mount the rostrum. Her 1791 Declaration turned the Revolution's language of rights on the men who wrote it, and her pamphlets pressed the same logic toward divorce, abolition of slavery, and civil standing for children born outside marriage.",[],[],[],[],[],[],{"cards":125,"influenced":126,"shapedBy":127,"outbound":128},[],[],[],0]