[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-mao-zedong":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":44,"name":45},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":47,"name":48},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":53,"name":54},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":98,"name":99},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":142,"traditions":146},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"sort_name":105,"birth_year":106,"death_year":107,"nationality":108,"era":109,"one_line":110,"bio":111,"portrait_url":112,"has_portrait":113,"sort_priority":114,"is_living":115,"created_at":116,"updated_at":117,"search_vector":118,"primary_role":119,"secondary_roles":120,"notable_quotes":121,"historical_tensions":131,"plcf_score":138,"mesr_score":139,"dipg_score":140,"cult_score":141,"figure_descriptor":108,"figure_class":108,"editorial_review":115},645,"mao-zedong","Mao Zedong","Zedong, Mao",1893,1976,null,"20th Century","Mao Zedong was the communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China, fusing Marxism-Leninism with peasant mobilization in a rule that produced both modern statehood and catastrophe on a historic scale","Mao Zedong was the communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China, ruling as Chairman from 1949 until his death in 1976. Born to a peasant family in Hunan, Mao became a communist organizer and developed theories of peasant-based revolution that diverged from orthodox Marxism's focus on the urban proletariat.\n\nAfter the Long March and victory in the Chinese Civil War, Mao proclaimed the People's Republic in 1949. His rule brought land reform and industrialization but also catastrophic campaigns: the Great Leap Forward (1958-62) caused a famine killing 15-55 million people, and the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) unleashed chaos, persecution, and destruction of cultural heritage.\n\nMao's ideology—'Mao Zedong Thought'—combined Marxism-Leninism with Chinese characteristics, emphasizing continuous revolution, peasant mobilization, and the primacy of will over material conditions. He remains deeply controversial: revered by some as the founder of modern China, condemned by others for mass death and tyranny.","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmao.webp",true,5,false,"2026-05-04T19:18:37.125364+00:00","2026-07-09T03:53:26.402321+00:00","'-55':134C '-62':128C '-76':142C '15':133C '1949':56C,111C '1958':127C '1966':141C '1976':61C 'also':120C 'base':80C 'becam':70C 'born':62C 'brought':114C 'campaign':122C 'catastroph':33B,121C 'caus':129C 'chairman':54C 'chao':144C 'characterist':163C 'china':16B,51C,189C 'chines':101C,162C 'civil':102C 'combin':157C 'communist':7B,42C,72C 'condemn':190C 'condit':176C 'continu':165C 'controversi':180C 'cultur':139C,149C 'death':59C,195C 'deepli':179C 'destruct':147C 'develop':75C 'diverg':83C 'emphas':164C 'famili':66C 'famin':131C 'focus':88C 'forward':126C 'found':10B,45C 'founder':186C 'fuse':17B 'great':124C 'heritag':150C 'histor':36B 'hunan':68C 'ideolog':153C 'industri':118C 'kill':132C 'land':115C 'leap':125C 'lenin':20B,160C 'long':95C 'mao':1A,3B,38C,69C,104C,151C,154C 'march':96C 'marxism':19B,86C,159C 'marxism-lenin':18B,158C 'mass':194C 'materi':175C 'million':135C 'mobil':23B,168C 'modern':30B,188C 'organ':73C 'orthodox':85C 'other':192C 'peasant':22B,65C,79C,167C 'peasant-bas':78C 'peopl':12B,47C,107C,136C 'persecut':145C 'primaci':171C 'proclaim':105C 'produc':28B 'proletariat':92C 'reform':116C 'remain':178C 'republ':14B,49C,109C 'rever':181C 'revolut':81C,140C,166C 'revolutionari':8B,43C 'rule':26B,52C,113C 'scale':37B 'statehood':31B 'theori':76C 'thought':156C 'tyranni':197C 'unleash':143C 'urban':91C 'victori':98C 'war':103C 'zedong':2A,4B,39C,155C","politician",[],[122,125,128],{"quote":123,"context":124},"Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.","Problems of War and Strategy, 1938",{"quote":126,"context":127},"A revolution is not a dinner party.","Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan, 1927",{"quote":129,"context":130},"Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend.","Speech, 1956 (later used to identify critics)",[132,134,136],{"title":133,"summary":133},"Revolutionary who became emperor-like figure with personality cult",{"title":135,"summary":135},"Champion of the masses whose policies killed tens of millions",{"title":137,"summary":137},"Anti-imperialist who met with Nixon and opened to the West",0,3,35,91,[143],{"archetype_slug":50,"strength":144,"description":145},9,"Mao bent Marxism-Leninism to fit non-Western revolution, theorized continuous revolution, and built the Cultural Revolution's machinery of mass mobilization. The contemporary tankie tradition draws on him as much as Lenin — start with the Selected Works.",[147],{"is_primary":113,"traditions":148},{"id":149,"name":150,"slug":151,"short_description":152},11,"Marxism","marxism","The intellectual and political tradition founded by Karl Marx, taking his analysis of capitalism, class, and historical change as a starting point."]