[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-maimonides":100,"$fcdvxH7sSbj8hClJRU_zoOgPNWwOzIeD3xyuNMg8QyXs":151},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":14,"name":15},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":17,"name":18},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":114,"traditions":115,"works":136,"homeTradition":118,"siblings":137},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":113},1114,"maimonides","Maimonides","Maimonides was the Jewish philosopher and jurist whose reconciliation of Aristotle with revealed law became a model for Christian scholasticism, and whose reading shaped Spinoza, Leibniz and the 20th-century revival of political philosophy.","Moses ben Maimon — Maimonides, or Rambam — was a physician to the Ayyubid court, the pre-eminent codifier of Jewish law, and the author of the most philosophically ambitious work of medieval Judaism.\n\nThe Guide for the Perplexed, written in Arabic around 1190, addresses the reader who has studied philosophy and can no longer read scripture literally without contradiction. Maimonides's answer is neither surrender: he argues for a rigorous negative theology in which nothing positive can be predicated of God, reads the anthropomorphic language of scripture as accommodation to ordinary understanding, and treats the law itself as having intelligible purposes that reason can partly recover. The book is deliberately difficult, addressed to a few and constructed so that its harder conclusions surface only to careful readers.\n\nIts Christian reception was immediate and substantial. Latin translations circulated by the 1240s, and Aquinas cites him repeatedly as \"Rabbi Moses\", drawing on his treatment of creation, prophecy and the limits of demonstration even while disagreeing with him. For scholasticism he supplied something close to a template: a worked demonstration that a revealed legal tradition could be squared with Aristotelian philosophy without either being abandoned.\n\nHis afterlife runs further than that. Spinoza read him closely and defined his own position substantially by rejecting him, making the Guide one of the texts against which modern biblical criticism formed. Leibniz annotated him. And in the twentieth century Leo Strauss spent years on Maimonides and the Islamic philosophers before emigrating; his account of persecution and the art of writing — that philosophers under threat write so as to be understood by some readers and not others — is derived directly from that reading, and became one of the most contested interpretive methods in modern political philosophy. Strauss's own entry in this roster records those years; this is the figure they were spent on.",1138,1204,"Andalusian-Egyptian","philosopher","Medieval","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fmaimonides.webp",null,[],[116,123,130],{"is_primary":117,"traditions":118},true,{"id":119,"name":120,"slug":121,"short_description":122},35,"Scholasticism","scholasticism","The medieval intellectual tradition that combined classical philosophy with Christian theology through rigorous logical analysis.",{"is_primary":124,"traditions":125},false,{"id":126,"name":127,"slug":128,"short_description":129},34,"Natural Law","natural-law","The tradition that holds there are objective moral and political truths grounded in human nature, accessible to reason, and binding regardless of what particular societies happen to believe.",{"is_primary":124,"traditions":131},{"id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"short_description":135},158,"Political Theology","political-theology","The tradition of reflecting systematically on the relationship between religious concepts and political authority, and on how theological categories underlie ostensibly secular political thought.",[],[138,142,146,147],{"name":139,"slug":140,"birth_year":141},"Avicenna","avicenna",980,{"name":143,"slug":144,"birth_year":145},"Averroes","averroes",1126,{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":148,"slug":149,"birth_year":150},"Thomas Aquinas","thomas-aquinas",1225,{"cards":152,"influenced":153,"shapedBy":161,"outbound":162},[],[154,157,160],{"slug":155,"name":156},"baruch-spinoza","Baruch Spinoza",{"slug":158,"name":159},"leo-strauss","Leo Strauss",{"slug":149,"name":148},[],3]