[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-louis-blanc":100,"$fjvJ_Tn1EbxEgR1vdIaEsRNZf9_WX7mGZA-MY3zk-jcA":324},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":134,"homeOut":138,"homeIn":143,"works":146,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":160},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1223,"louis-blanc","Louis Blanc","Author of The Organisation of Labour, who put the right to work into the 1848 revolution and was blamed for the national workshops that destroyed it.","Louis Blanc was a journalist and historian who entered the provisional government of the February revolution in 1848, presided over the Luxembourg Commission on labour, was driven into English exile after the June days, and returned twenty years later to sit in the Third Republic's assembly.\n\nThe Organisation of Labour of 1839 is the book that made him. Its argument is that free competition is not liberty for the worker but a war in which the weaker party has no defence: it drives wages to subsistence, ruins small producers, concentrates capital, and produces the crises that periodically throw everyone out of work. Formal equality before the law is worthless without the material means to use it. What is needed is a right to work — the state's obligation to guarantee every citizen the means of subsistence through labour — realised by publicly financed social workshops, associations of workers in each industry, capitalised by the state, governed by the workers themselves, and eventually able to outcompete private firms and absorb them. The state provides the capital and then withdraws.\n\nThis is the point at which socialism becomes a demand on the state rather than a proposal to build alternative communities alongside it, and it is why Blanc is a founder of social democracy rather than another utopian. From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs is his formula before it is Marx's.\n\nIn 1848 he got a version of his programme and it destroyed him. The national workshops actually created were not his social workshops but a relief scheme paying men to move earth, set up by ministers who disliked the idea and administered by an official hostile to it. When they were closed in June the resulting insurrection was crushed with several thousand dead, and the discrediting of the workshops discredited the right to work with them. Blanc spent the rest of his life insisting the experiment had never been tried.\n\nMarx treated him as the type of the reformer who asks the bourgeois state to abolish the conditions of its own existence. Every subsequent argument about whether socialism can be legislated runs through him.",1811,1882,"French","politician","19th Century",null,[],[115,122,128],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},464,"Democratic Socialism","democratic-socialism","The socialist tradition that seeks to transform capitalism into a democratically-controlled economy through constitutional and electoral means, rejecting both the laissez-faire market and the one-party revolutionary state.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":123},{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"short_description":127},40,"Republicanism","republicanism","The political tradition that emphasizes self-government, popular sovereignty, and the rule of citizens over themselves rather than rule by kings or aristocrats.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":129},{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"short_description":133},472,"Social Democracy","social-democracy","The tradition that accepts a capitalist economy while committing to tax it, regulate it and build universal welfare on top of it — reform rather than replacement.",[135],{"source_tradition_id":130,"target_tradition_id":118,"relation_type":136,"description":137},"descends_from","Shares Bernstein's ancestry and its rejection of the Leninist road, then parts company by concluding the ownership of productive assets need not change.",[139],{"relation_type":136,"traditions":140},{"name":141,"slug":142},"Marxism","marxism",[144],{"relation_type":136,"traditions":145},{"name":131,"slug":132},[147,154],{"title":148,"year":149,"year_display":150,"description":151,"kind":152,"sort_order":153},"The Organisation of Labour",1839,"1839","Competition is not liberty for the worker; the state must guarantee a right to work through social workshops owned by those who labour in them.","work",1,{"title":155,"year":156,"year_display":157,"description":158,"kind":152,"sort_order":159},"History of Ten Years",1844,"1841-44","The July Monarchy as the rule of a financial oligarchy, and the book that made him the historian of the opposition.",2,[161,165,169,173,174,178,182,186,190,194,198,202,206,210,214,218,222,226,230,234,238,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,269,273,277,281,285,289,292,296,299,303,306,309,312,315,318,321],{"name":162,"slug":163,"birth_year":164},"Henri de Saint-Simon","henri-de-saint-simon",1760,{"name":166,"slug":167,"birth_year":168},"Robert Owen","robert-owen",1771,{"name":170,"slug":171,"birth_year":172},"Charles Fourier","charles-fourier",1772,{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":175,"slug":176,"birth_year":177},"Ferdinand Lassalle","ferdinand-lassalle",1825,{"name":179,"slug":180,"birth_year":181},"William Morris","william-morris",1834,{"name":183,"slug":184,"birth_year":185},"Eduard Bernstein","eduard-bernstein",1850,{"name":187,"slug":188,"birth_year":189},"Karl Kautsky","karl-kautsky",1854,{"name":191,"slug":192,"birth_year":193},"Eugene V. Debs","eugene-v-debs",1855,{"name":195,"slug":196,"birth_year":197},"Sidney Webb","sidney-webb",1859,{"name":199,"slug":200,"birth_year":201},"R.H. Tawney","rh-tawney",1880,{"name":203,"slug":204,"birth_year":205},"William Temple","william-temple",1881,{"name":207,"slug":208,"birth_year":209},"Clement Attlee","clement-attlee",1883,{"name":211,"slug":212,"birth_year":213},"Karl Polanyi","karl-polanyi",1886,{"name":215,"slug":216,"birth_year":217},"Salvador Allende","salvador-allende",1908,{"name":219,"slug":220,"birth_year":221},"Bayard Rustin","bayard-rustin",1912,{"name":223,"slug":224,"birth_year":225},"Paulo Freire","paulo-freire",1921,{"name":227,"slug":228,"birth_year":229},"Tony Benn","tony-benn",1925,{"name":231,"slug":232,"birth_year":233},"Olof Palme","olof-palme",1927,{"name":235,"slug":236,"birth_year":237},"Desmond Tutu","desmond-tutu",1931,{"name":239,"slug":240,"birth_year":237},"Mikhail Gorbachev","mikhail-gorbachev",{"name":242,"slug":243,"birth_year":244},"Gar Alperovitz","gar-alperovitz",1936,{"name":246,"slug":247,"birth_year":248},"Bernie Sanders","bernie-sanders",1941,{"name":250,"slug":251,"birth_year":252},"Richard Wolff","richard-wolff",1942,{"name":254,"slug":255,"birth_year":256},"Adolph Reed Jr.","adolph-reed-jr",1947,{"name":258,"slug":259,"birth_year":260},"Jim Wallis","jim-wallis",1948,{"name":262,"slug":263,"birth_year":264},"Jeremy Corbyn","jeremy-corbyn",1949,{"name":266,"slug":267,"birth_year":268},"Jean-Claude Michéa","jean-claude-michea",1950,{"name":270,"slug":271,"birth_year":272},"Naomi Klein","naomi-klein",1970,{"name":274,"slug":275,"birth_year":276},"Thomas Piketty","thomas-piketty",1971,{"name":278,"slug":279,"birth_year":280},"Ben Burgis","ben-burgis",1980,{"name":282,"slug":283,"birth_year":284},"Nathan Schneider","nathan-schneider",1984,{"name":286,"slug":287,"birth_year":288},"Matt Bruenig","matt-bruenig",1988,{"name":290,"slug":291,"birth_year":288},"Natalie Wynn","natalie-wynn",{"name":293,"slug":294,"birth_year":295},"Bhaskar Sunkara","bhaskar-sunkara",1989,{"name":297,"slug":298,"birth_year":295},"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez","alexandria-ocasio-cortez",{"name":300,"slug":301,"birth_year":302},"Hasan Piker","hasan-piker",1991,{"name":304,"slug":305,"birth_year":302},"Zohran Mamdani","zohran-mamdani",{"name":307,"slug":308,"birth_year":112},"Branko Horvat","branko-horvat",{"name":310,"slug":311,"birth_year":112},"Jaroslav Vanek","jaroslav-vanek",{"name":313,"slug":314,"birth_year":112},"John Roemer","john-roemer",{"name":316,"slug":317,"birth_year":112},"Oskar Lange","oskar-lange",{"name":319,"slug":320,"birth_year":112},"David Schweickart","david-schweickart",{"name":322,"slug":323,"birth_year":112},"Amber A'Lee Frost","amber-alee-frost",{"cards":325,"influenced":330,"shapedBy":334,"outbound":335},[326],{"slug":163,"name":162,"type":327,"strength":328,"description":329},"influenced","significant","The demand that society organise itself for the improvement of its poorest class passes from Saint-Simon's New Christianity into Blanc's programme for the state.",[331],{"slug":332,"name":333},"karl-marx","Karl Marx",[],0]