[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-kwame-anthony-appiah":100,"$f3m9b1bcjcif96":123,"thinker-stance-kwame-anthony-appiah":108},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":11,"name":12},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":14,"name":15},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":17,"name":18},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":29,"name":30},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":32,"name":33},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":35,"name":36},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":38,"name":39},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":41,"name":42},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":44,"name":45},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":53,"name":54},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":59,"name":60},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":62,"name":63},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":65,"name":66},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":68,"name":69},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":71,"name":72},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":74,"name":75},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":77,"name":78},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":80,"name":81},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":86,"name":87},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":89,"name":90},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":95,"name":96},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":98,"name":99},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":117,"traditionLinks":118,"homeOut":119,"homeIn":120,"works":121,"homeTradition":108,"siblings":122},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":108},1303,"kwame-anthony-appiah","Kwame Anthony Appiah","Kwame Anthony Appiah is a British-born, Ghanaian-raised philosopher at NYU who argues that race is a social construct and that a cosmopolitan ethic can hold together a world of strangers.","Kwame Anthony Appiah was born in London on May 8, 1954. His mother, Peggy Cripps, was the daughter of Sir Stafford Cripps, Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1947 to 1950. His father, Joseph Appiah, was a Ghanaian lawyer and politician and a leader of the National Liberation Movement, a party active in the years after Ghana's independence in 1957. Their marriage in 1953 drew international press attention. Appiah grew up in Ghana, attended boarding school in Dorset, England, and studied philosophy at Clare College, Cambridge, where he earned both his bachelor's degree and his doctorate.\n\nHe taught at the University of Ghana and Cambridge before joining Yale in 1981, and went on to posts at Cornell, Duke and Harvard. His early books were on the philosophy of language. In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture (1992) argued, in the summary of the Chronicle of Higher Education, that race is a construct, a category imposed on people that does not correspond to biological reality. His later books on race and identity include Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race (1996), written with Amy Gutmann, and The Ethics of Identity (2005). In 2002 he moved to Princeton as the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy. He is now Silver Professor of Philosophy and Law at New York University, and is a naturalized American citizen.\n\nCosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (2006) set out his best-known position. Cosmopolitanism, as he defines it, holds universal values such as hospitality, generosity, courtesy and fairness while acknowledging that human beings come in near-infinite variety and may not practice those values in the same way. \"What's distinctive about the cosmopolitan attitude,\" he told the journalist Julian Brookes, \"is that it comes with a recognition that encounters with other people aren't about making them like us.\" He followed it with The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen. In The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity (2018) he organized his account of identity around five categories: creed, country, color, class and culture. He has observed that \"identity politics\" is a term almost always used \"to complain about someone else.\"\n\nSince 2015 Appiah has written the Ethicist column for the New York Times Sunday magazine, and he writes frequently for the New York Review of Books. President Barack Obama presented him with a National Humanities Medal in 2012, and in 2024 he received the Library of Congress's Kluge Prize for Achievement in the Study of Humanity. He is president of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the author of three mystery novels.",1954,null,"British-Ghanaian-American","philosopher","Contemporary","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Fkwame-anthony-appiah.webp",[114],{"archetype_slug":65,"strength":115,"description":116},8,"Identities of creed, country, color, class and culture matter, on this view, yet race itself is a social construct with no basis in biology. Appiah's cosmopolitanism asks you to hold universal values while accepting that meeting others is not about making them like you.",[],[],[],[],[],[],{"cards":124,"influenced":125,"shapedBy":126,"outbound":127},[],[],[],0]