[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-kate-raworth":100},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":44,"name":45},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":47,"name":48},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":53,"name":54},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":98,"name":99},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":120,"traditions":123},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"sort_name":105,"birth_year":106,"death_year":107,"nationality":107,"era":107,"one_line":108,"bio":109,"portrait_url":107,"has_portrait":110,"sort_priority":111,"is_living":112,"created_at":113,"updated_at":114,"search_vector":115,"primary_role":116,"secondary_roles":117,"notable_quotes":118,"historical_tensions":119,"plcf_score":107,"mesr_score":107,"dipg_score":107,"cult_score":107,"figure_descriptor":107,"figure_class":107,"editorial_review":112},848,"kate-raworth","Kate Raworth","Raworth, Kate",1970,null,"Kate Raworth is a British post-growth economist whose “doughnut” reframed prosperity as meeting human needs within planetary limits, reshaping debates over growth and sustainability","Kate Raworth is a British economist best known for developing the concept of \"doughnut economics,\" a framework that visualizes a safe and just space for humanity between a social foundation of basic human needs and an ecological ceiling of planetary boundaries. She elaborated this idea most fully in her book Doughnut Economics, which argues that mainstream economics has been organized around the pursuit of endless growth in gross domestic product, and that this goal is both socially inadequate and ecologically dangerous. Drawing on ecological economics and on planetary-boundaries science, she contends that the central aim of economic activity should be to thrive within limits rather than to grow without end.\n\nRaworth's political thought sits within a broader post-growth and sustainability tradition that challenges the assumption that expanding output is synonymous with human progress. She is critical of the models and metaphors inherited from twentieth-century economics, arguing that they naturalize inequality and environmental degradation, and she calls for economies to be understood as embedded within society and the living world rather than as self-contained, self-regulating markets. Her work engages with debates about redistribution, the design of markets and states, and the ecological constraints on prosperity, and it explicitly reframes questions of justice as inseparable from questions of environmental sustainability. Rather than presenting a detailed policy blueprint, she offers a set of guiding principles intended to reorient how citizens, governments, and businesses conceive of economic success.\n\nHer influence has been notable in the way policy communities and civic movements have taken up the doughnut as an accessible image for thinking about the trade-offs of economic policy. The framework has attracted interest from cities and regional governments seeking alternative measures of well-being, and Raworth has been associated with efforts to translate her ideas into practical experimentation through organized networks of practitioners. Her background includes work with development and humanitarian organizations, which informs her attention to poverty and global inequality alongside environmental concerns. While admired by many in the environmental and heterodox-economics movements, her ideas have also drawn criticism from economists who question whether the framework offers sufficient analytical precision or actionable mechanisms. Her lasting political significance lies less in a specific program than in popularizing a reframing of the goals of economic life around ecological limits and shared social minimums.",false,5,true,"2026-05-04T20:40:51.368746+00:00","2026-07-09T03:53:25.625852+00:00","'access':294C 'action':393C 'activ':128C 'admir':364C 'aim':125C 'alongsid':360C 'also':378C 'altern':317C 'analyt':390C 'argu':82C,181C 'around':89C,416C 'associ':327C 'assumpt':158C 'attent':354C 'attract':309C 'background':343C 'basic':60C 'best':35C 'blueprint':254C 'book':78C 'boundari':69C,118C 'british':7B,33C 'broader':148C 'busi':269C 'call':191C 'ceil':66C 'central':124C 'centuri':179C 'challeng':156C 'citi':312C 'citizen':266C 'civic':285C 'communiti':283C 'conceiv':270C 'concept':40C 'concern':362C 'constraint':231C 'contain':210C 'contend':121C 'critic':169C,380C 'danger':109C 'debat':24B,219C 'degrad':188C 'design':223C 'detail':252C 'develop':38C,347C 'domest':97C 'doughnut':13B,42C,79C,291C 'draw':110C 'drawn':379C 'ecolog':65C,108C,112C,230C,417C 'econom':43C,80C,85C,113C,127C,180C,272C,304C,373C,414C 'economi':193C 'economist':11B,34C,382C 'effort':329C 'elabor':71C 'embed':198C 'end':140C 'endless':93C 'engag':217C 'environment':187C,246C,361C,369C 'expand':160C 'experiment':336C 'explicit':236C 'foundat':58C 'framework':45C,307C,387C 'fulli':75C 'global':358C 'goal':102C,412C 'govern':267C,315C 'gross':96C 'grow':138C 'growth':10B,26B,94C,151C 'guid':260C 'heterodox':372C 'heterodox-econom':371C 'human':18B,54C,61C,165C 'humanitarian':349C 'idea':73C,333C,376C 'imag':295C 'inadequ':106C 'includ':344C 'inequ':185C,359C 'influenc':275C 'inform':352C 'inherit':175C 'insepar':242C 'intend':262C 'interest':310C 'justic':240C 'kate':1A,3B,29C 'known':36C 'last':396C 'less':400C 'lie':399C 'life':415C 'limit':22B,134C,418C 'live':203C 'mainstream':84C 'mani':366C 'market':214C,225C 'measur':318C 'mechan':394C 'meet':17B 'metaphor':174C 'minimum':422C 'model':172C 'movement':286C,374C 'natur':184C 'need':19B,62C 'network':339C 'notabl':278C 'off':302C 'offer':256C,388C 'organ':88C,338C,350C 'output':161C 'planetari':21B,68C,117C 'planetary-boundari':116C 'polici':253C,282C,305C 'polit':143C,397C 'popular':407C 'post':9B,150C 'post-growth':8B,149C 'poverti':356C 'practic':335C 'practition':341C 'precis':391C 'present':250C 'principl':261C 'product':98C 'program':404C 'progress':166C 'prosper':15B,233C 'pursuit':91C 'question':238C,244C,384C 'rather':135C,205C,248C 'raworth':2A,4B,30C,141C,324C 'redistribut':221C 'refram':14B,237C,409C 'region':314C 'regul':213C 'reorient':264C 'reshap':23B 'safe':49C 'scienc':119C 'seek':316C 'self':209C,212C 'self-contain':208C 'self-regul':211C 'set':258C 'share':420C 'signific':398C 'sit':145C 'social':57C,105C,421C 'societi':200C 'space':52C 'specif':403C 'state':227C 'success':273C 'suffici':389C 'sustain':28B,153C,247C 'synonym':163C 'taken':288C 'think':297C 'thought':144C 'thrive':132C 'trade':301C 'trade-off':300C 'tradit':154C 'translat':331C 'twentieth':178C 'twentieth-centuri':177C 'understood':196C 'visual':47C 'way':281C 'well':321C 'well-b':320C 'whether':385C 'whose':12B 'within':20B,133C,146C,199C 'without':139C 'work':216C,345C 'world':204C","economist",[],[],[],[121],{"archetype_slug":11,"strength":111,"description":122},"Raworth redrew prosperity as meeting human needs within planetary limits — neither overshooting the earth nor leaving people short — and gave the growth debate its doughnut. You carry her refusal to make endless growth the measure of a good economy.",[]]