[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-karl-kautsky":100,"$fd-lRS6xlML-tRCS3ZU5iDyeyahoxPLScw4ihnJwh2iQ":333},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":134,"homeOut":143,"homeIn":146,"works":149,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":169},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1232,"karl-kautsky","Karl Kautsky","The Pope of Marxism, who wrote the SPD's programme, defended orthodoxy against Bernstein's revisionism, and was then denounced by Lenin as a renegade.","Karl Kautsky founded and edited Die Neue Zeit for thirty-five years, edited Marx's Theories of Surplus Value from the manuscripts, and was for a quarter of a century the recognised authority on what Marxism meant. Between Engels's death in 1895 and the war, no interpretation carried weight against his.\n\nHis Erfurt Programme of 1891 set the pattern for European social democracy. It has two parts that do not obviously fit together: a maximum programme stating the Marxist analysis — capitalist concentration, class polarisation, the inevitable arrival of socialism — and a minimum programme of immediate demands, universal suffrage, the eight-hour day, progressive taxation, free education. The party was to be revolutionary in theory and reformist in practice, waiting for a crisis that history guaranteed while working within institutions it did not believe would last. The formula held the SPD together for two decades and has been blamed ever since for a passivity that left it unprepared when the crisis came.\n\nHe defended it from both sides. Against Bernstein, who argued from the 1890s that capitalism was not concentrating or polarising as predicted and that socialism should therefore drop the revolutionary framework and admit it was a reform movement, Kautsky insisted the analysis held and that the goal could not be reduced to the movement. Against the left, and eventually against Lenin, he insisted that socialism required democracy as a condition and not as a tactic, that a revolution made by a minority would produce dictatorship over the proletariat rather than of it, and that the Bolsheviks had substituted a party for a class.\n\nLenin's reply, The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky, was intended to destroy him and largely did — within Communist parties his name became a term of abuse for a generation. His own prediction, that the Bolshevik regime would consolidate into a bureaucratic dictatorship that would call itself socialism, was better than his critics allowed at the time.\n\nHe died in Amsterdam in 1938, having fled Vienna after the Anschluss.",1854,1938,"Czech-German","writer","19th Century",null,[],[115,122,128],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},464,"Democratic Socialism","democratic-socialism","The socialist tradition that seeks to transform capitalism into a democratically-controlled economy through constitutional and electoral means, rejecting both the laissez-faire market and the one-party revolutionary state.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":123},{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"short_description":127},11,"Marxism","marxism","The intellectual and political tradition founded by Karl Marx, taking his analysis of capitalism, class, and historical change as a starting point.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":129},{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"short_description":133},472,"Social Democracy","social-democracy","The tradition that accepts a capitalist economy while committing to tax it, regulate it and build universal welfare on top of it — reform rather than replacement.",[135,138,141],{"source_tradition_id":118,"target_tradition_id":124,"relation_type":136,"description":137},"descends_from","Bernstein's revisionism began inside Marxism and broke with its expectation of collapse, arguing the ballot and the union were the road.",{"source_tradition_id":130,"target_tradition_id":124,"relation_type":139,"description":140},"reacts_against","Bernstein's revisionism dropped the collapse of capitalism and the revolutionary seizure, keeping the ends and committing to the ballot as the means.",{"source_tradition_id":130,"target_tradition_id":118,"relation_type":136,"description":142},"Shares Bernstein's ancestry and its rejection of the Leninist road, then parts company by concluding the ownership of productive assets need not change.",[144],{"relation_type":136,"traditions":145},{"name":125,"slug":126},[147],{"relation_type":136,"traditions":148},{"name":131,"slug":132},[150,157,163],{"title":151,"year":152,"year_display":153,"description":154,"kind":155,"sort_order":156},"The Erfurt Programme",1892,"1892","A maximum programme stating the Marxist analysis and a minimum programme of immediate demands — the pattern European social democracy followed for decades.","work",1,{"title":158,"year":159,"year_display":160,"description":161,"kind":155,"sort_order":162},"The Dictatorship of the Proletariat",1918,"1918","Socialism requires democracy as a condition and not a tactic; a revolution made by a minority produces dictatorship over the proletariat, not of it.",2,{"title":164,"year":165,"year_display":166,"description":167,"kind":155,"sort_order":168},"The Road to Power",1909,"1909","The most radical of his works, arguing that the coming crisis would be revolutionary while insisting the party must not manufacture it.",3,[170,174,178,182,186,190,194,198,199,203,207,211,215,219,223,227,231,235,239,243,247,250,254,258,262,266,270,274,278,282,286,290,294,298,301,305,308,312,315,318,321,324,327,330],{"name":171,"slug":172,"birth_year":173},"Henri de Saint-Simon","henri-de-saint-simon",1760,{"name":175,"slug":176,"birth_year":177},"Robert Owen","robert-owen",1771,{"name":179,"slug":180,"birth_year":181},"Charles Fourier","charles-fourier",1772,{"name":183,"slug":184,"birth_year":185},"Louis Blanc","louis-blanc",1811,{"name":187,"slug":188,"birth_year":189},"Ferdinand Lassalle","ferdinand-lassalle",1825,{"name":191,"slug":192,"birth_year":193},"William Morris","william-morris",1834,{"name":195,"slug":196,"birth_year":197},"Eduard Bernstein","eduard-bernstein",1850,{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":200,"slug":201,"birth_year":202},"Eugene V. Debs","eugene-v-debs",1855,{"name":204,"slug":205,"birth_year":206},"Sidney Webb","sidney-webb",1859,{"name":208,"slug":209,"birth_year":210},"R.H. Tawney","rh-tawney",1880,{"name":212,"slug":213,"birth_year":214},"William Temple","william-temple",1881,{"name":216,"slug":217,"birth_year":218},"Clement Attlee","clement-attlee",1883,{"name":220,"slug":221,"birth_year":222},"Karl Polanyi","karl-polanyi",1886,{"name":224,"slug":225,"birth_year":226},"Salvador Allende","salvador-allende",1908,{"name":228,"slug":229,"birth_year":230},"Bayard Rustin","bayard-rustin",1912,{"name":232,"slug":233,"birth_year":234},"Paulo Freire","paulo-freire",1921,{"name":236,"slug":237,"birth_year":238},"Tony Benn","tony-benn",1925,{"name":240,"slug":241,"birth_year":242},"Olof Palme","olof-palme",1927,{"name":244,"slug":245,"birth_year":246},"Desmond Tutu","desmond-tutu",1931,{"name":248,"slug":249,"birth_year":246},"Mikhail Gorbachev","mikhail-gorbachev",{"name":251,"slug":252,"birth_year":253},"Gar Alperovitz","gar-alperovitz",1936,{"name":255,"slug":256,"birth_year":257},"Bernie Sanders","bernie-sanders",1941,{"name":259,"slug":260,"birth_year":261},"Richard Wolff","richard-wolff",1942,{"name":263,"slug":264,"birth_year":265},"Adolph Reed Jr.","adolph-reed-jr",1947,{"name":267,"slug":268,"birth_year":269},"Jim Wallis","jim-wallis",1948,{"name":271,"slug":272,"birth_year":273},"Jeremy Corbyn","jeremy-corbyn",1949,{"name":275,"slug":276,"birth_year":277},"Jean-Claude Michéa","jean-claude-michea",1950,{"name":279,"slug":280,"birth_year":281},"Naomi Klein","naomi-klein",1970,{"name":283,"slug":284,"birth_year":285},"Thomas Piketty","thomas-piketty",1971,{"name":287,"slug":288,"birth_year":289},"Ben Burgis","ben-burgis",1980,{"name":291,"slug":292,"birth_year":293},"Nathan Schneider","nathan-schneider",1984,{"name":295,"slug":296,"birth_year":297},"Matt Bruenig","matt-bruenig",1988,{"name":299,"slug":300,"birth_year":297},"Natalie Wynn","natalie-wynn",{"name":302,"slug":303,"birth_year":304},"Bhaskar Sunkara","bhaskar-sunkara",1989,{"name":306,"slug":307,"birth_year":304},"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez","alexandria-ocasio-cortez",{"name":309,"slug":310,"birth_year":311},"Hasan Piker","hasan-piker",1991,{"name":313,"slug":314,"birth_year":311},"Zohran Mamdani","zohran-mamdani",{"name":316,"slug":317,"birth_year":112},"Branko Horvat","branko-horvat",{"name":319,"slug":320,"birth_year":112},"Jaroslav Vanek","jaroslav-vanek",{"name":322,"slug":323,"birth_year":112},"John Roemer","john-roemer",{"name":325,"slug":326,"birth_year":112},"Oskar Lange","oskar-lange",{"name":328,"slug":329,"birth_year":112},"David Schweickart","david-schweickart",{"name":331,"slug":332,"birth_year":112},"Amber A'Lee Frost","amber-alee-frost",{"cards":334,"influenced":339,"shapedBy":344,"outbound":345},[335],{"slug":188,"name":187,"type":336,"strength":337,"description":338},"influenced","significant","The party Lassalle founded and the state he thought could be captured are what the Erfurt Programme inherited and tried to reconcile with Marx.",[340,341],{"slug":196,"name":195},{"slug":342,"name":343},"vladimir-lenin","Vladimir Lenin",[],0]