[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-jean-baptiste-colbert":100,"$fi_SyVC1A44NVqZIBCK8rxc_ScPUNC69R7eXROUFQix4":152},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":17,"name":18},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":20,"name":21},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":23,"name":24},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":26,"name":27},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":29,"name":30},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":32,"name":33},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":35,"name":36},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":38,"name":39},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":41,"name":42},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":44,"name":45},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":47,"name":48},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":53,"name":54},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":56,"name":57},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":122,"homeOut":123,"homeIn":124,"works":141,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":142},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1245,"jean-baptiste-colbert","Jean-Baptiste Colbert","Louis XIV's finance minister, who built French industry by state direction and gave mercantilism its most complete application.","Colbert is mercantilism in office. As controller-general of finances to Louis XIV from 1665, he had something no theorist did — an absolute monarchy, a large population, and thirty years — and he used them to attempt the systematic construction of a national economy by administrative means.\n\nThe program was comprehensive. Tariffs raised repeatedly to shut out Dutch and English manufactures; royal manufactories founded and subsidised in glass, tapestry, lace and armaments; foreign artisans recruited and emigration of skilled workers made a crime; guild regulation extended and standardised so that French goods would carry a reputation for quality; roads and canals built, the Canal du Midi among them; a navy and a merchant marine created almost from nothing; chartered companies granted monopolies over colonial trade, with the colonies forbidden to manufacture for themselves.\n\nThe theory behind it was frankly zero-sum. Colbert held that the volume of European trade was fixed and that a state enriched itself by capturing a larger share, which made commerce a continuation of war — a view that helped produce several actual wars, including the Dutch War of 1672.\n\nThe results were mixed in his lifetime and consequential long after. He built real industrial capacity and a fiscal machine that outlived him, at the cost of a peasantry taxed to fund it and an economy so regulated that the Physiocrats a century later took French agriculture's stagnation as their founding grievance. \"Colbertism\" remains the name for state-directed industrial development, and French economic policy has returned to it repeatedly.",1619,1683,"French","politician","Early modern",null,[],[115],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},491,"Mercantilism","mercantilism","The doctrine that national wealth is a stock to be accumulated rather than a flow to be generated, and that trade is a contest in which one country's gain is another's loss.",[],[],[125,130,135,137],{"relation_type":126,"traditions":127},"descends_from",{"name":128,"slug":129},"Physiocracy","physiocracy",{"relation_type":131,"traditions":132},"reacts_against",{"name":133,"slug":134},"Political Economy","political-economy",{"relation_type":131,"traditions":136},{"name":128,"slug":129},{"relation_type":131,"traditions":138},{"name":139,"slug":140},"Classical Liberalism","classical-liberalism",[],[143,147,148],{"name":144,"slug":145,"birth_year":146},"Thomas Mun","thomas-mun",1571,{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":149,"slug":150,"birth_year":151},"Friedrich List","friedrich-list",1789,{"cards":153,"influenced":154,"shapedBy":155,"outbound":156},[],[],[],0]