[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-henri-de-saint-simon":100,"$fukTfWc21VZMVvVCl9Wopu0zKIianElAO8PkG3ICPcuI":328},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":134,"homeOut":135,"homeIn":141,"works":146,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":165},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1221,"henri-de-saint-simon","Henri de Saint-Simon","The count who fought at Yorktown, lost a fortune, and argued that industrial society should be governed by producers and scientists rather than by lawyers and nobles.","Claude-Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon, fought with the French forces in the American Revolution, renounced his title during the French one, made and lost a fortune speculating in confiscated church land, attempted suicide at sixty-three, and spent his last years dictating to secretaries — one of whom was Auguste Comte.\n\nHis organising idea is that history alternates between organic periods, in which a society shares beliefs and institutions that fit its productive life, and critical periods, in which the old order has been destroyed and the new has not arrived. The Middle Ages were organic; the Enlightenment and Revolution were critical and necessary demolition; and the task of the nineteenth century is to construct the new organic order that industry requires.\n\nThat order is to be governed by those who actually produce. In his most notorious parable, he asks his readers to imagine that France suddenly lost its three thousand leading scientists, engineers, bankers, farmers and manufacturers, and then to imagine it lost instead its princes, courtiers, ministers, bishops and marshals: the first would be a catastrophe from which the nation would take a generation to recover, the second an occasion for regret and nothing more. The men who matter are the industrials; the governing classes are a survival. In the new order the administration of things replaces the government of men — a phrase Engels borrowed — and social questions are settled by expertise rather than by contest, because they are technical questions with correct answers.\n\nHis last book, The New Christianity, argues that the coming order needs a religion, stripped of dogma and clergy, whose whole content is that society must organise itself for the fastest improvement of the condition of its poorest class.\n\nThe Saint-Simonians turned this into a movement, a cult, and a great deal of practical engineering — Suez, French railways, the Crédit Mobilier. The doctrine feeds in three directions at once: into socialism, which took the critique of idle property; into technocracy, which took government by expertise; and into the sociology Comte built from the organic-critical scheme.",1760,1825,"French","philosopher","19th Century",null,[],[115,122,128],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},464,"Democratic Socialism","democratic-socialism","The socialist tradition that seeks to transform capitalism into a democratically-controlled economy through constitutional and electoral means, rejecting both the laissez-faire market and the one-party revolutionary state.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":123},{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"short_description":127},13,"Political Economy","political-economy","The intellectual tradition that treats economics, politics, and social structure as a single integrated subject of inquiry.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":129},{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"short_description":133},470,"Progressivism","progressivism","The reforming tradition that holds social problems are solvable through expertise, regulation and an active state, and that institutions should be continuously improved rather than preserved.",[],[136],{"relation_type":137,"traditions":138},"descends_from",{"name":139,"slug":140},"Marxism","marxism",[142],{"relation_type":137,"traditions":143},{"name":144,"slug":145},"Social Democracy","social-democracy",[147,154,159],{"title":148,"year":149,"year_display":150,"description":151,"kind":152,"sort_order":153},"On the Industrial System",1821,"1821-22","Society should be governed by those who produce; the administration of things replaces the government of men.","work",1,{"title":155,"year":108,"year_display":156,"description":157,"kind":152,"sort_order":158},"The New Christianity","1825","A religion without dogma or clergy whose entire content is that society must organise for the improvement of its poorest class.",2,{"title":160,"year":161,"year_display":162,"description":163,"kind":152,"sort_order":164},"The Organiser",1819,"1819","Contains the parable of the three thousand producers whose loss would ruin France, against the courtiers whose loss would not.",3,[166,167,171,175,179,182,186,190,194,198,202,206,210,214,218,222,226,230,234,238,242,245,249,253,257,261,265,269,273,277,281,285,289,293,296,300,303,307,310,313,316,319,322,325],{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":168,"slug":169,"birth_year":170},"Robert Owen","robert-owen",1771,{"name":172,"slug":173,"birth_year":174},"Charles Fourier","charles-fourier",1772,{"name":176,"slug":177,"birth_year":178},"Louis Blanc","louis-blanc",1811,{"name":180,"slug":181,"birth_year":108},"Ferdinand Lassalle","ferdinand-lassalle",{"name":183,"slug":184,"birth_year":185},"William Morris","william-morris",1834,{"name":187,"slug":188,"birth_year":189},"Eduard Bernstein","eduard-bernstein",1850,{"name":191,"slug":192,"birth_year":193},"Karl Kautsky","karl-kautsky",1854,{"name":195,"slug":196,"birth_year":197},"Eugene V. Debs","eugene-v-debs",1855,{"name":199,"slug":200,"birth_year":201},"Sidney Webb","sidney-webb",1859,{"name":203,"slug":204,"birth_year":205},"R.H. Tawney","rh-tawney",1880,{"name":207,"slug":208,"birth_year":209},"William Temple","william-temple",1881,{"name":211,"slug":212,"birth_year":213},"Clement Attlee","clement-attlee",1883,{"name":215,"slug":216,"birth_year":217},"Karl Polanyi","karl-polanyi",1886,{"name":219,"slug":220,"birth_year":221},"Salvador Allende","salvador-allende",1908,{"name":223,"slug":224,"birth_year":225},"Bayard Rustin","bayard-rustin",1912,{"name":227,"slug":228,"birth_year":229},"Paulo Freire","paulo-freire",1921,{"name":231,"slug":232,"birth_year":233},"Tony Benn","tony-benn",1925,{"name":235,"slug":236,"birth_year":237},"Olof Palme","olof-palme",1927,{"name":239,"slug":240,"birth_year":241},"Desmond Tutu","desmond-tutu",1931,{"name":243,"slug":244,"birth_year":241},"Mikhail Gorbachev","mikhail-gorbachev",{"name":246,"slug":247,"birth_year":248},"Gar Alperovitz","gar-alperovitz",1936,{"name":250,"slug":251,"birth_year":252},"Bernie Sanders","bernie-sanders",1941,{"name":254,"slug":255,"birth_year":256},"Richard Wolff","richard-wolff",1942,{"name":258,"slug":259,"birth_year":260},"Adolph Reed Jr.","adolph-reed-jr",1947,{"name":262,"slug":263,"birth_year":264},"Jim Wallis","jim-wallis",1948,{"name":266,"slug":267,"birth_year":268},"Jeremy Corbyn","jeremy-corbyn",1949,{"name":270,"slug":271,"birth_year":272},"Jean-Claude Michéa","jean-claude-michea",1950,{"name":274,"slug":275,"birth_year":276},"Naomi Klein","naomi-klein",1970,{"name":278,"slug":279,"birth_year":280},"Thomas Piketty","thomas-piketty",1971,{"name":282,"slug":283,"birth_year":284},"Ben Burgis","ben-burgis",1980,{"name":286,"slug":287,"birth_year":288},"Nathan Schneider","nathan-schneider",1984,{"name":290,"slug":291,"birth_year":292},"Matt Bruenig","matt-bruenig",1988,{"name":294,"slug":295,"birth_year":292},"Natalie Wynn","natalie-wynn",{"name":297,"slug":298,"birth_year":299},"Bhaskar Sunkara","bhaskar-sunkara",1989,{"name":301,"slug":302,"birth_year":299},"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez","alexandria-ocasio-cortez",{"name":304,"slug":305,"birth_year":306},"Hasan Piker","hasan-piker",1991,{"name":308,"slug":309,"birth_year":306},"Zohran Mamdani","zohran-mamdani",{"name":311,"slug":312,"birth_year":112},"Branko Horvat","branko-horvat",{"name":314,"slug":315,"birth_year":112},"Jaroslav Vanek","jaroslav-vanek",{"name":317,"slug":318,"birth_year":112},"John Roemer","john-roemer",{"name":320,"slug":321,"birth_year":112},"Oskar Lange","oskar-lange",{"name":323,"slug":324,"birth_year":112},"David Schweickart","david-schweickart",{"name":326,"slug":327,"birth_year":112},"Amber A'Lee Frost","amber-alee-frost",{"cards":329,"influenced":330,"shapedBy":335,"outbound":158},[],[331,334],{"slug":332,"name":333},"karl-marx","Karl Marx",{"slug":177,"name":176},[]]