[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-friedrich-schlegel":100,"$fuyc1VSQtVbahB98GBgV3LyWEhUq1F0Sb_JNYN9yTxUQ":195},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":134,"homeOut":138,"homeIn":143,"works":144,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":164},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1210,"friedrich-schlegel","Friedrich Schlegel","The theorist of the Jena circle who defined Romantic poetry as永 permanently unfinished, invented modern literary criticism, and ended a Catholic Habsburg conservative.","Friedrich Schlegel gave Romanticism its name as a programme and much of its theory. With his brother August Wilhelm he ran the journal Athenaeum from 1798, around which the Jena circle formed — Novalis, Tieck, Schleiermacher, Schelling, and Caroline Schlegel — and in whose fragments the movement stated itself.\n\nHis definition of Romantic poetry, in Athenaeum fragment 116, is the key document: a progressive universal poetry whose vocation is to reunite the separated genres and to put poetry in touch with philosophy and rhetoric, and which is still in the process of becoming — that indeed is its real essence, that it is eternally becoming and can never be completed. The claim is that the modern work is necessarily unfinished, self-aware and ironic, because it knows itself to be a construction rather than a natural growth, and this self-knowledge is not a defect but the condition of modern art. Romantic irony is the artist's simultaneous commitment to a creation and detachment from it.\n\nHe also effectively invented criticism as a genre with intellectual standing. Earlier critics judged works against rules; Schlegel argued that criticism completes the work, that a review may be a philosophical act, and that the critic's business is to grasp the internal principle of a book rather than measure it externally. His essay on Wilhelm Meister demonstrates the method, and Walter Benjamin's dissertation on the concept of criticism in German Romanticism is a study of it.\n\nHis Ancient and Modern Literature lectures introduced the comparative study of European literatures, and On the Language and Wisdom of the Indians, following his study of Sanskrit in Paris, is one of the founding texts of comparative philology and of Indo-European linguistics — with the unhappy consequence that his term for the language family, and the racial mythology later built on it, entered European circulation partly through him.\n\nHe converted to Catholicism in 1808, entered Austrian service under Metternich, and spent his later years writing philosophy of history in defence of the restored order. The trajectory from revolutionary aesthetics to Habsburg conservatism is common enough in the generation to be almost a pattern, and it is the reason Heine and later the Marxist critics treated Romanticism as reaction from the beginning.",1772,1829,"German","writer","19th Century",null,[],[115,122,128],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},54,"Aesthetic Philosophy","aesthetic-philosophy","The tradition that takes art and aesthetic experience seriously as central to philosophical reflection rather than as a peripheral subject.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":123},{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"short_description":127},14,"Conservatism","conservatism","The political tradition that emphasizes inherited institutions, traditions, and customs as repositories of accumulated practical wisdom.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":129},{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"short_description":133},39,"Romantic Political Thought","romantic-political-thought","The tradition that emphasizes feeling, authenticity, community, and the natural goodness of human beings against the cold rationalism of Enlightenment liberalism.",[135],{"source_tradition_id":124,"target_tradition_id":130,"relation_type":136,"description":137},"descends_from","Coleridge and Adam Müller carried the Romantic case against abstract reason into conservative politics directly: a nation is a growth with a history and a life of its own, not a problem to be solved from first principles or an aggregate of contracting individuals.",[139],{"relation_type":136,"traditions":140},{"name":141,"slug":142},"German Idealism","german-idealism",[],[145,152,158],{"title":146,"year":147,"year_display":148,"description":149,"kind":150,"sort_order":151},"Athenaeum Fragments",1798,"1798","Contains fragment 116 defining Romantic poetry as progressive and universal, eternally becoming and never completed.","work",1,{"title":153,"year":154,"year_display":155,"description":156,"kind":150,"sort_order":157},"On the Language and Wisdom of the Indians",1808,"1808","A founding text of comparative philology, and the route by which the term for the Indo-European family entered European circulation.",2,{"title":159,"year":160,"year_display":161,"description":162,"kind":150,"sort_order":163},"Lectures on the History of Literature",1815,"1812; published 1815","Introduces the comparative study of the European literatures as a single field.",3,[165,169,173,176,177,180,184,188,192],{"name":166,"slug":167,"birth_year":168},"Gotthold Ephraim Lessing","gotthold-ephraim-lessing",1729,{"name":170,"slug":171,"birth_year":172},"Friedrich Schiller","friedrich-schiller",1759,{"name":174,"slug":175,"birth_year":107},"Samuel Taylor Coleridge","samuel-taylor-coleridge",{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":178,"slug":179,"birth_year":107},"Novalis","novalis",{"name":181,"slug":182,"birth_year":183},"Friedrich Schelling","friedrich-schelling",1775,{"name":185,"slug":186,"birth_year":187},"Friedrich Nietzsche","friedrich-nietzsche",1844,{"name":189,"slug":190,"birth_year":191},"Roger Scruton","roger-scruton",1944,{"name":193,"slug":194,"birth_year":112},"Czesław Miłosz","czesaw-miosz",{"cards":196,"influenced":201,"shapedBy":203,"outbound":151},[197],{"slug":179,"name":178,"type":198,"strength":199,"description":200},"influenced","significant","The two worked the fragment into a philosophical form together, and Schlegel published Novalis's remains after his death.",[202],{"slug":179,"name":178},[]]