[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-francois-rene-de-chateaubriand":100,"$fxpNMWfMEP7-dVS-vnXihnIovwIfjWMwYjAAocl_o_l8":317},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":134,"homeOut":138,"homeIn":156,"works":165,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":183},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1213,"francois-rene-de-chateaubriand","François-René de Chateaubriand","Emigré, foreign minister and founder of French Romanticism, whose Genius of Christianity defended religion by its beauty rather than its truth.","François-René de Chateaubriand fled revolutionary France, travelled in America, fought with the émigré army, was wounded, and spent seven years in poverty in London before returning under Napoleon. He then served the Bourbons as ambassador and foreign minister, resigned, went into opposition, and wrote his memoirs for publication after his death.\n\nThe Genius of Christianity, published in 1802 a few days after Napoleon's Concordat with the papacy, is the book that made him. Its strategy is a deliberate refusal of the ground the eighteenth century had fought on. Chateaubriand does not argue that Christianity is true; he argues that it is beautiful, that it produced the cathedrals, the poetry, the paintings and the moral sensibility of Europe, and that a civilisation which discards it discards the source of its own capacity for feeling. Voltaire had attacked religion as absurd and cruel; Chateaubriand answers with Gothic architecture, ruins, bells heard across a valley, and the sublime in nature. It is an aesthetic apologetics, and it worked on a generation exhausted by argument.\n\nThat move — defending an inheritance by what it has made rather than by what it asserts — is his lasting contribution to conservative thought, and it recurs everywhere afterwards. It also founded French Romanticism: René, the short novel embedded in the larger work, gave European literature the figure of the young man afflicted by a vague and unfocused longing, and le mal du siècle became a diagnosis of the age.\n\nHis politics were a legitimism nobody found reliable. He served the Restoration and attacked it; he defended press freedom against the ultras, opposed the censorship of 1824, and was regarded by the court as an inconvenient ally and by the liberals as an inconsistent opponent. He supported the Greek insurgents and Spanish intervention in the same decade.\n\nThe Memoirs from Beyond the Grave, withheld until his death, are the enduring book — a self-portrait staged against the collapse of one world and the arrival of another, and the model for a whole tradition of French memoir in which a life is offered as the register of an epoch.",1768,1848,"French","writer","19th Century",null,[],[115,122,128],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},36,"Catholic Political Thought","catholic-political-thought","The tradition of political reflection within the Catholic intellectual tradition, from the early church fathers through the medieval scholastics to contemporary Catholic social teaching.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":123},{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"short_description":127},14,"Conservatism","conservatism","The political tradition that emphasizes inherited institutions, traditions, and customs as repositories of accumulated practical wisdom.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":129},{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"short_description":133},39,"Romantic Political Thought","romantic-political-thought","The tradition that emphasizes feeling, authenticity, community, and the natural goodness of human beings against the cold rationalism of Enlightenment liberalism.",[135],{"source_tradition_id":124,"target_tradition_id":130,"relation_type":136,"description":137},"descends_from","Coleridge and Adam Müller carried the Romantic case against abstract reason into conservative politics directly: a nation is a growth with a history and a life of its own, not a problem to be solved from first principles or an aggregate of contracting individuals.",[139,143,147,152],{"relation_type":136,"traditions":140},{"name":141,"slug":142},"Scholasticism","scholasticism",{"relation_type":136,"traditions":144},{"name":145,"slug":146},"Natural Law","natural-law",{"relation_type":148,"traditions":149},"reacts_against",{"name":150,"slug":151},"Classical Liberalism","classical-liberalism",{"relation_type":148,"traditions":153},{"name":154,"slug":155},"Marxism","marxism",[157,161],{"relation_type":136,"traditions":158},{"name":159,"slug":160},"Distributism","distributism",{"relation_type":136,"traditions":162},{"name":163,"slug":164},"Liberation Theology","liberation-theology",[166,173,179],{"title":167,"year":168,"year_display":169,"description":170,"kind":171,"sort_order":172},"The Genius of Christianity",1802,"1802","Defends religion by its beauty rather than its truth: a civilisation that discards it discards the source of its own capacity for feeling.","work",1,{"title":174,"year":175,"year_display":176,"description":177,"kind":171,"sort_order":178},"Memoirs from Beyond the Grave",1849,"written 1809-41; published 1849","A life staged against the collapse of one world and the arrival of another; the model for a tradition of French memoir.",2,{"title":180,"year":168,"year_display":169,"description":181,"kind":171,"sort_order":182},"René","Gave European literature the young man afflicted by vague longing, and the age a name for its condition.",3,[184,188,192,196,200,204,208,212,216,220,224,228,232,236,237,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,269,273,277,281,285,289,293,297,301,305,308,311,314],{"name":185,"slug":186,"birth_year":187},"Augustine of Hippo","augustine",354,{"name":189,"slug":190,"birth_year":191},"Anselm of Canterbury","anselm-of-canterbury",1033,{"name":193,"slug":194,"birth_year":195},"Thomas Aquinas","thomas-aquinas",1225,{"name":197,"slug":198,"birth_year":199},"Giles of Rome","giles-of-rome",1243,{"name":201,"slug":202,"birth_year":203},"Dante Alighieri","dante-alighieri",1265,{"name":205,"slug":206,"birth_year":207},"Jean Gerson","jean-gerson",1363,{"name":209,"slug":210,"birth_year":211},"Nicholas of Cusa","nicholas-of-cusa",1401,{"name":213,"slug":214,"birth_year":215},"Desiderius Erasmus","erasmus",1466,{"name":217,"slug":218,"birth_year":219},"Thomas More","thomas-more",1478,{"name":221,"slug":222,"birth_year":223},"Francisco de Vitoria","francisco-de-vitoria",1483,{"name":225,"slug":226,"birth_year":227},"John Calvin","john-calvin",1509,{"name":229,"slug":230,"birth_year":231},"Robert Bellarmine","robert-bellarmine",1542,{"name":233,"slug":234,"birth_year":235},"Louis de Bonald","louis-de-bonald",1754,{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":238,"slug":239,"birth_year":240},"Pope Leo XIII","pope-leo-xiii",1810,{"name":242,"slug":243,"birth_year":244},"Lord Acton","lord-acton",1834,{"name":246,"slug":247,"birth_year":248},"Hilaire Belloc","hilaire-belloc",1870,{"name":250,"slug":251,"birth_year":252},"G.K. Chesterton","g-k-chesterton",1874,{"name":254,"slug":255,"birth_year":256},"Francisco Franco","francisco-franco",1892,{"name":258,"slug":259,"birth_year":260},"Dorothy Day","dorothy-day",1897,{"name":262,"slug":263,"birth_year":264},"Pope John Paul II","pope-john-paul-ii",1920,{"name":266,"slug":267,"birth_year":268},"Alasdair MacIntyre","alasdair-macintyre",1929,{"name":270,"slug":271,"birth_year":272},"Pope Francis","pope-francis",1936,{"name":274,"slug":275,"birth_year":276},"Sister Simone Campbell","sister-simone-campbell",1945,{"name":278,"slug":279,"birth_year":280},"Timothy Dolan","timothy-dolan",1950,{"name":282,"slug":283,"birth_year":284},"Robert George","robert-george",1955,{"name":286,"slug":287,"birth_year":288},"Rusty Reno","rusty-reno",1959,{"name":290,"slug":291,"birth_year":292},"Phillip Blond","philip-blond",1966,{"name":294,"slug":295,"birth_year":296},"Adrian Vermeule","adrian-vermeule",1968,{"name":298,"slug":299,"birth_year":300},"Ross Douthat","ross-douthat",1979,{"name":302,"slug":303,"birth_year":304},"Sohrab Ahmari","sohrab-ahmari",1985,{"name":306,"slug":307,"birth_year":112},"Richard John Neuhaus","richard-john-neuhaus",{"name":309,"slug":310,"birth_year":112},"Gustavo Gutiérrez","gustavo-gutierrez",{"name":312,"slug":313,"birth_year":112},"Oscar Romero","oscar-romero",{"name":315,"slug":316,"birth_year":112},"Peter Maurin","peter-maurin",{"cards":318,"influenced":323,"shapedBy":324,"outbound":325},[319],{"slug":234,"name":233,"type":320,"strength":321,"description":322},"influenced","significant","Both defend the inheritance without arguing its truth: Bonald from the priority of society over the individual, Chateaubriand from what the inheritance has made.",[],[],0]