[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-ferdinand-lassalle":100,"$fCG8zi_9c4oo1gg3mT5A9r0VlVcoGd9lhuZvyFso7qrM":318},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":128,"homeOut":132,"homeIn":137,"works":140,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":154},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1225,"ferdinand-lassalle","Ferdinand Lassalle","Founder of the first German workers' party, who sought state-financed cooperatives and universal suffrage, negotiated secretly with Bismarck, and died in a duel at thirty-nine.","Ferdinand Lassalle made his name winning an eight-year lawsuit for a countess against her husband, served a prison term for his part in 1848, and in 1863 founded the General German Workers' Association — the first independent political party of labour anywhere, and the direct ancestor of the SPD. He was killed the following year in a duel over a woman who had left him.\n\nHis programme rests on two claims. The first is the iron law of wages, taken from Ricardo and Malthus: under free competition wages tend inexorably to the minimum required for subsistence and reproduction, so trade unions and self-help can achieve nothing durable. The second is that the remedy is producers' cooperatives, financed by the state, in which workers own the capital they work with — which means the state must be captured, and that means universal, equal, direct suffrage. Political power first, economic transformation second.\n\nThe state he wanted to capture he understood very differently from Marx. Lassalle held that the state is not merely the executive committee of the propertied but has an ethical vocation of its own, existing to accomplish what individuals cannot achieve alone, and that its purpose is the positive development of the human race toward freedom. This is Hegelian and it is the root of a durable strand of German social democracy that regards the state as an instrument to be used rather than an apparatus to be smashed.\n\nIt also led him into the negotiations that damaged his reputation permanently. He met Bismarck several times in 1863-64, and the two found a shared interest: Lassalle wanted universal suffrage against the liberal bourgeoisie, and Bismarck was willing to consider it for exactly the same reason. The correspondence, published in 1928, showed how far the contacts went.\n\nMarx despised him and the Critique of the Gotha Programme of 1875 is an attack on the Lassallean elements in the united party's platform — the iron law, state aid, and the phrase about one reactionary mass. The party adopted them anyway, and much of what social democracy became is Lassalle's rather than Marx's.",1825,1864,"German","activist","19th Century",null,[],[115,122],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},464,"Democratic Socialism","democratic-socialism","The socialist tradition that seeks to transform capitalism into a democratically-controlled economy through constitutional and electoral means, rejecting both the laissez-faire market and the one-party revolutionary state.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":123},{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"short_description":127},472,"Social Democracy","social-democracy","The tradition that accepts a capitalist economy while committing to tax it, regulate it and build universal welfare on top of it — reform rather than replacement.",[129],{"source_tradition_id":124,"target_tradition_id":118,"relation_type":130,"description":131},"descends_from","Shares Bernstein's ancestry and its rejection of the Leninist road, then parts company by concluding the ownership of productive assets need not change.",[133],{"relation_type":130,"traditions":134},{"name":135,"slug":136},"Marxism","marxism",[138],{"relation_type":130,"traditions":139},{"name":125,"slug":126},[141,148],{"title":142,"year":143,"year_display":144,"description":145,"kind":146,"sort_order":147},"Open Letter to the Central Committee",1863,"1863","The founding document of the first German workers' party: the iron law of wages, state-financed cooperatives, and universal suffrage as the means.","work",1,{"title":149,"year":150,"year_display":151,"description":152,"kind":146,"sort_order":153},"The Workers' Programme",1862,"1862","The historical case that the fourth estate must now do what the third did in 1789, with the state as the instrument.",2,[155,159,163,167,171,172,176,180,184,188,192,196,200,204,208,212,216,220,224,228,232,235,239,243,247,251,255,259,263,267,271,275,279,283,286,290,293,297,300,303,306,309,312,315],{"name":156,"slug":157,"birth_year":158},"Henri de Saint-Simon","henri-de-saint-simon",1760,{"name":160,"slug":161,"birth_year":162},"Robert Owen","robert-owen",1771,{"name":164,"slug":165,"birth_year":166},"Charles Fourier","charles-fourier",1772,{"name":168,"slug":169,"birth_year":170},"Louis Blanc","louis-blanc",1811,{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":173,"slug":174,"birth_year":175},"William Morris","william-morris",1834,{"name":177,"slug":178,"birth_year":179},"Eduard Bernstein","eduard-bernstein",1850,{"name":181,"slug":182,"birth_year":183},"Karl Kautsky","karl-kautsky",1854,{"name":185,"slug":186,"birth_year":187},"Eugene V. Debs","eugene-v-debs",1855,{"name":189,"slug":190,"birth_year":191},"Sidney Webb","sidney-webb",1859,{"name":193,"slug":194,"birth_year":195},"R.H. Tawney","rh-tawney",1880,{"name":197,"slug":198,"birth_year":199},"William Temple","william-temple",1881,{"name":201,"slug":202,"birth_year":203},"Clement Attlee","clement-attlee",1883,{"name":205,"slug":206,"birth_year":207},"Karl Polanyi","karl-polanyi",1886,{"name":209,"slug":210,"birth_year":211},"Salvador Allende","salvador-allende",1908,{"name":213,"slug":214,"birth_year":215},"Bayard Rustin","bayard-rustin",1912,{"name":217,"slug":218,"birth_year":219},"Paulo Freire","paulo-freire",1921,{"name":221,"slug":222,"birth_year":223},"Tony Benn","tony-benn",1925,{"name":225,"slug":226,"birth_year":227},"Olof Palme","olof-palme",1927,{"name":229,"slug":230,"birth_year":231},"Desmond Tutu","desmond-tutu",1931,{"name":233,"slug":234,"birth_year":231},"Mikhail Gorbachev","mikhail-gorbachev",{"name":236,"slug":237,"birth_year":238},"Gar Alperovitz","gar-alperovitz",1936,{"name":240,"slug":241,"birth_year":242},"Bernie Sanders","bernie-sanders",1941,{"name":244,"slug":245,"birth_year":246},"Richard Wolff","richard-wolff",1942,{"name":248,"slug":249,"birth_year":250},"Adolph Reed Jr.","adolph-reed-jr",1947,{"name":252,"slug":253,"birth_year":254},"Jim Wallis","jim-wallis",1948,{"name":256,"slug":257,"birth_year":258},"Jeremy Corbyn","jeremy-corbyn",1949,{"name":260,"slug":261,"birth_year":262},"Jean-Claude Michéa","jean-claude-michea",1950,{"name":264,"slug":265,"birth_year":266},"Naomi Klein","naomi-klein",1970,{"name":268,"slug":269,"birth_year":270},"Thomas Piketty","thomas-piketty",1971,{"name":272,"slug":273,"birth_year":274},"Ben Burgis","ben-burgis",1980,{"name":276,"slug":277,"birth_year":278},"Nathan Schneider","nathan-schneider",1984,{"name":280,"slug":281,"birth_year":282},"Matt Bruenig","matt-bruenig",1988,{"name":284,"slug":285,"birth_year":282},"Natalie Wynn","natalie-wynn",{"name":287,"slug":288,"birth_year":289},"Bhaskar Sunkara","bhaskar-sunkara",1989,{"name":291,"slug":292,"birth_year":289},"Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez","alexandria-ocasio-cortez",{"name":294,"slug":295,"birth_year":296},"Hasan Piker","hasan-piker",1991,{"name":298,"slug":299,"birth_year":296},"Zohran Mamdani","zohran-mamdani",{"name":301,"slug":302,"birth_year":112},"Branko Horvat","branko-horvat",{"name":304,"slug":305,"birth_year":112},"Jaroslav Vanek","jaroslav-vanek",{"name":307,"slug":308,"birth_year":112},"John Roemer","john-roemer",{"name":310,"slug":311,"birth_year":112},"Oskar Lange","oskar-lange",{"name":313,"slug":314,"birth_year":112},"David Schweickart","david-schweickart",{"name":316,"slug":317,"birth_year":112},"Amber A'Lee Frost","amber-alee-frost",{"cards":319,"influenced":320,"shapedBy":328,"outbound":153},[],[321,322,325],{"slug":182,"name":181},{"slug":323,"name":324},"karl-marx","Karl Marx",{"slug":326,"name":327},"otto-von-bismarck","Otto von Bismarck",[]]