[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-fannie-lou-hamer":100,"$f118ydcwcluoq5":124,"thinker-stance-fannie-lou-hamer":113},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":11,"name":12},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":14,"name":15},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":17,"name":18},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":29,"name":30},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":32,"name":33},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":35,"name":36},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":38,"name":39},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":41,"name":42},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":44,"name":45},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":50,"name":51},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":53,"name":54},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"slug":59,"name":60},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":62,"name":63},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":65,"name":66},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":68,"name":69},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":71,"name":72},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":74,"name":75},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":77,"name":78},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":80,"name":81},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":86,"name":87},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":89,"name":90},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":95,"name":96},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":98,"name":99},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":114,"traditions":118,"traditionLinks":119,"homeOut":120,"homeIn":121,"works":122,"homeTradition":113,"siblings":123},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":113},1291,"fannie-lou-hamer","Fannie Lou Hamer","Fannie Lou Hamer was a Mississippi sharecropper turned organizer whose 1964 convention testimony for the Freedom Democratic Party put the violence behind Southern disfranchisement before a national audience.","Fannie Lou Hamer was born on October 6, 1917, in Montgomery County, Mississippi, the youngest of twenty children in a family of sharecroppers, and grew up in Sunflower County in the Delta. She left school after the sixth grade and picked cotton, and because she could read and write she became the timekeeper on the B. D. Marlowe plantation near Ruleville. In 1961 a white doctor removed her uterus without her consent during surgery for a tumor, a procedure known in the state as a \"Mississippi appendectomy.\"\n\nIn August 1962 she rode a bus with eighteen others from Ruleville to the county courthouse in Indianola to try to register to vote, and failed the literacy test. Police stopped the bus and arrested its driver. When she refused the plantation owner's demand that she withdraw her application, she was evicted, and shots were later fired into the house where she was staying. She went to work for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, whose organizers had first noticed her singing. On June 9, 1963, police in Winona, Mississippi, arrested her and fellow activists after members of the group sat at a \"whites only\" lunch counter; she was beaten in jail and left with lasting injuries to her eyes, legs and kidneys.\n\nIn 1964 she helped found the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to challenge the state's segregated regular delegation, and she ran for Congress that year. At the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City she told the Credentials Committee about her eviction, the Winona beating and the literacy tests, asking, \"Is this America, the land of the free and the home of the brave,\" and warning, \"If the Freedom Democratic Party is not seated now, I question America.\" President Lyndon Johnson called a news conference during her testimony, and television cut away. Party leaders offered the Freedom Democrats two at-large seats. The delegation turned them down, and Hamer said, \"We didn't come all this way for no two seats!\" In 1968 she was seated as a delegate from Mississippi.\n\nHer later work turned to land and food. In 1969 she founded the Freedom Farm Cooperative in Sunflower County, buying land with money raised on speaking tours; it grew from forty acres to nearly seven hundred and ran a livestock program called the Pig Bank. On July 10, 1971, she spoke at the founding of the National Women's Political Caucus in Washington, saying, \"Nobody's free until everybody's free.\" She died of breast cancer on March 14, 1977.",1917,1977,"American","activist","20th Century","\u002Fimages\u002Ffigures\u002Fwebp\u002Ffannie-lou-hamer.webp",null,[115],{"archetype_slug":47,"strength":116,"description":117},8,"Your sense that the ballot, the land and the dinner table are one fight runs through her. Evicted for trying to register in 1962, Hamer refused the two seats offered in Atlantic City, then bought farmland for her neighbors, and told the 1971 women's caucus that nobody's free until everybody's free.",[],[],[],[],[],[],{"cards":125,"influenced":126,"shapedBy":127,"outbound":128},[],[],[],0]