[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-denis-diderot":100,"$fuGEvde7nVBNZzChFahq-CKnMxjP_Kyik9LETrSuVp1I":311},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":134,"homeOut":135,"homeIn":149,"works":175,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":201},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1189,"denis-diderot","Denis Diderot","Editor of the Encyclopédie, who spent twenty-five years assembling the Enlightenment's central project while writing works too dangerous to publish in his lifetime.","Denis Diderot was imprisoned at thirty-six for the Letter on the Blind, agreed on release to be more careful, and then spent a quarter of a century editing the Encyclopédie — seventeen volumes of text and eleven of plates, some seventy thousand articles, produced under censorship, suspended twice, and completed after his publisher secretly mutilated the last volumes to avoid trouble, which Diderot discovered only when it was too late.\n\nThe Encyclopédie is the Enlightenment's characteristic monument and a political act. It treats the mechanical arts with the same seriousness as theology, illustrating the workshops of tanners and glassmakers in exhaustive plates on the premise that useful knowledge is knowledge. It routes subversion through cross-references, so that an unobjectionable article on a religious topic directs the reader to one on superstition. Its underlying claim is that knowledge belongs to everyone, is worth having for its own uses, and does not require an authority to certify it.\n\nHis own philosophical work he mostly kept in a drawer. D'Alembert's Dream, unpublished for fifty years, imagines matter as sensitive throughout, life as a matter of organisation rather than a separate principle, species as fluid over time, and the self as a temporary swarm — speculations that read as anticipations of evolution and of a materialist theory of mind. Rameau's Nephew, a dialogue between a moralising philosopher and a brilliant parasite who is not refuted, was published only in Goethe's German translation in 1805, whereupon Hegel made it the centre of his account of alienated self-consciousness in the Phenomenology. The Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage uses Tahiti to argue that European sexual morality is a local custom mistaken for nature.\n\nHe was a materialist who found La Mettrie crude and Helvétius simplistic, an atheist with a strong taste for moral heroism, and a determinist who could not stop making moral judgements — the inconsistencies are conscious and he dramatises them rather than resolving them. Rousseau was his closest friend until a permanent rupture in 1758. Catherine the Great bought his library, left him the use of it, and paid him fifty years' salary in advance as its librarian.",1713,1784,"French","writer","Enlightenment",null,[],[115,122,128],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},44,"Enlightenment Philosophy","enlightenment-philosophy","The 18th century intellectual movement committed to reason, individual rights, equality, and the critical examination of inherited authority.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":123},{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"short_description":127},38,"Materialism","materialism","The philosophical view that everything that exists is ultimately physical matter in motion, with no separate spiritual or immaterial realm.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":129},{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"short_description":133},62,"Political Philosophy","political-philosophy","The intellectual discipline of reflecting systematically on political life, its forms, and its possibilities.",[],[136,141,145],{"relation_type":137,"traditions":138},"descends_from",{"name":139,"slug":140},"Rationalism","rationalism",{"relation_type":137,"traditions":142},{"name":143,"slug":144},"Empiricism","empiricism",{"relation_type":137,"traditions":146},{"name":147,"slug":148},"Skepticism","skepticism",[150,154,158,163,167,171],{"relation_type":137,"traditions":151},{"name":152,"slug":153},"Deontological Ethics","deontological-ethics",{"relation_type":137,"traditions":155},{"name":156,"slug":157},"German Idealism","german-idealism",{"relation_type":159,"traditions":160},"reacts_against",{"name":161,"slug":162},"Conservatism","conservatism",{"relation_type":159,"traditions":164},{"name":165,"slug":166},"Romantic Political Thought","romantic-political-thought",{"relation_type":159,"traditions":168},{"name":169,"slug":170},"Critique of Modernity","critique-of-modernity",{"relation_type":159,"traditions":172},{"name":173,"slug":174},"Political Theology","political-theology",[176,183,189,195],{"title":177,"year":178,"year_display":179,"description":180,"kind":181,"sort_order":182},"Encyclopédie",1772,"1751-72","Seventeen volumes of text and eleven of plates, treating the mechanical arts as seriously as theology and routing subversion through cross-references.","work",1,{"title":184,"year":185,"year_display":186,"description":187,"kind":181,"sort_order":188},"Rameau's Nephew",1805,"written c. 1761-74; published 1805","A dialogue in which a brilliant parasite is not refuted; published first in Goethe's German, and made by Hegel the centre of his account of alienated consciousness.",2,{"title":190,"year":191,"year_display":192,"description":193,"kind":181,"sort_order":194},"D'Alembert's Dream",1830,"written 1769; published 1830","Matter sensitive throughout, life as organisation rather than a separate principle, species fluid over time, and the self a temporary swarm.",3,{"title":196,"year":197,"year_display":198,"description":199,"kind":181,"sort_order":200},"Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage",1796,"written 1772; published 1796","Uses Tahiti to argue that European sexual morality is a local custom mistaken for nature.",4,[202,206,210,214,218,222,226,229,233,237,241,242,246,250,254,258,262,266,269,273,277,281,285,288,292,296,300,304,308],{"name":203,"slug":204,"birth_year":205},"Hugo Grotius","hugo-grotius",1583,{"name":207,"slug":208,"birth_year":209},"René Descartes","rene-descartes",1596,{"name":211,"slug":212,"birth_year":213},"Baruch Spinoza","baruch-spinoza",1632,{"name":215,"slug":216,"birth_year":217},"Christian Wolff","christian-wolff",1679,{"name":219,"slug":220,"birth_year":221},"Charles de Montesquieu","charles-de-montesquieu",1689,{"name":223,"slug":224,"birth_year":225},"Voltaire","voltaire",1694,{"name":227,"slug":228,"birth_year":225},"François Quesnay","francois-quesnay",{"name":230,"slug":231,"birth_year":232},"Benjamin Franklin","benjamin-franklin",1706,{"name":234,"slug":235,"birth_year":236},"Julien Offray de La Mettrie","julien-offray-de-la-mettrie",1709,{"name":238,"slug":239,"birth_year":240},"Frederick the Great","frederick-the-great",1712,{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":243,"slug":244,"birth_year":245},"Claude Adrien Helvétius","claude-adrien-helvetius",1715,{"name":247,"slug":248,"birth_year":249},"Jean le Rond d'Alembert","jean-le-rond-dalembert",1717,{"name":251,"slug":252,"birth_year":253},"Baron d'Holbach","baron-dholbach",1723,{"name":255,"slug":256,"birth_year":257},"Immanuel Kant","immanuel-kant",1724,{"name":259,"slug":260,"birth_year":261},"Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot","anne-robert-jacques-turgot",1727,{"name":263,"slug":264,"birth_year":265},"Catherine the Great","catherine-the-great",1729,{"name":267,"slug":268,"birth_year":265},"Gotthold Ephraim Lessing","gotthold-ephraim-lessing",{"name":270,"slug":271,"birth_year":272},"John Adams","john-adams",1735,{"name":274,"slug":275,"birth_year":276},"Thomas Paine","thomas-paine",1737,{"name":278,"slug":279,"birth_year":280},"Cesare Beccaria","cesare-beccaria",1738,{"name":282,"slug":283,"birth_year":284},"Marquis de Condorcet","marquis-de-condorcet",1743,{"name":286,"slug":287,"birth_year":284},"Thomas Jefferson","thomas-jefferson",{"name":289,"slug":290,"birth_year":291},"James Madison","james-madison",1751,{"name":293,"slug":294,"birth_year":295},"William Godwin","william-godwin",1756,{"name":297,"slug":298,"birth_year":299},"Maximilien Robespierre","maximilien-robespierre",1758,{"name":301,"slug":302,"birth_year":303},"Mary Wollstonecraft","mary-wollstonecraft",1759,{"name":305,"slug":306,"birth_year":307},"Steven Pinker","steven-pinker",1954,{"name":309,"slug":310,"birth_year":112},"Carl Sagan","carl-sagan",{"cards":312,"influenced":322,"shapedBy":327,"outbound":188},[313,317],{"slug":244,"name":243,"type":314,"strength":315,"description":316},"opposed","significant","Diderot wrote a detailed refutation objecting that organisation does differ between individuals, and that education cannot do everything Helvétius claimed for it.",{"slug":318,"name":319,"type":320,"strength":315,"description":321},"pierre-bayle","Pierre Bayle","influenced","The Dictionary supplied both the method — subversion carried in the apparatus rather than the text — and much of the material the Encyclopédie worked from.",[323,326],{"slug":324,"name":325},"g-w-f-hegel","G.W.F. Hegel",{"slug":248,"name":247},[]]