[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"archetype-name-map":3,"thinker-charles-fourier":100,"$fu8jcq-5U2bX5y66r5uPVPTHG6kq270efjnzVXgX_Xxc":396},[4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97],{"slug":5,"name":6},"anarcho-capitalist","Anarcho-Capitalist",{"slug":8,"name":9},"establishment-progressive","Establishment Progressive",{"slug":11,"name":12},"progressive-activist","Progressive Activist",{"slug":14,"name":15},"techno-progressive","Techno-Progressive",{"slug":17,"name":18},"patriotic-progressive","Patriotic Progressive",{"slug":20,"name":21},"conservative-democrat","Conservative Democrat",{"slug":23,"name":24},"moderate-conservative","Moderate Conservative",{"slug":26,"name":27},"reform-conservative","Reform Conservative",{"slug":29,"name":30},"religious-conservative","Religious Conservative",{"slug":32,"name":33},"traditionalist","Traditionalist",{"slug":35,"name":36},"national-populist","National Populist",{"slug":38,"name":39},"left-nationalist","Left Nationalist",{"slug":41,"name":42},"moderate-liberal","Moderate Liberal",{"slug":44,"name":45},"pragmatic-centrist","Pragmatic Centrist",{"slug":47,"name":48},"authoritarian-left","Authoritarian Left",{"slug":50,"name":51},"authoritarian-right","Authoritarian Right",{"slug":53,"name":54},"welfare-nationalist","Welfare Nationalist",{"slug":56,"name":57},"democratic-socialist","Democratic Socialist",{"slug":59,"name":60},"christian-socialist","Christian Socialist",{"slug":62,"name":63},"market-socialist","Market Socialist",{"slug":65,"name":66},"trad-socialist","Trad Socialist",{"slug":68,"name":69},"civil-libertarian","Civil Libertarian",{"slug":71,"name":72},"compassionate-libertarian","Compassionate Libertarian",{"slug":74,"name":75},"left-libertarian","Left Libertarian",{"slug":77,"name":78},"traditional-libertarian","Traditional Libertarian",{"slug":80,"name":81},"classical-liberal","Classical Liberal",{"slug":83,"name":84},"social-liberal","Social Liberal",{"slug":86,"name":87},"national-conservative","National Conservative",{"slug":89,"name":90},"neoconservative","Neoconservative",{"slug":92,"name":93},"techno-authoritarian","Techno-Authoritarian",{"slug":95,"name":96},"market-liberal","Market Liberal",{"slug":98,"name":99},"independent-thinker","Independent Thinker",{"thinker":101,"archetypes":113,"traditions":114,"traditionLinks":134,"homeOut":135,"homeIn":146,"works":155,"homeTradition":117,"siblings":169},{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"one_line":105,"bio":106,"birth_year":107,"death_year":108,"nationality":109,"primary_role":110,"era":111,"portrait_url":112,"figure_class":112},1222,"charles-fourier","Charles Fourier","The travelling salesman who designed the phalanstery, coined féminisme, and argued that work could be made attractive by arranging it around passions instead of suppressing them.","Charles Fourier was a commercial traveller who spent his life in cheap lodgings elaborating a system of extraordinary detail and occasional lunacy — the sea would turn to lemonade, the aurora borealis would warm the poles, humanity would develop tails with an eye on the end — and inside it produced some of the sharpest criticism of commercial society written in the nineteenth century.\n\nHis starting point is that civilisation frustrates human beings systematically. God gave us twelve passions and a natural drive toward variety and attachment, and then civilisation built commerce, marriage and wage labour, each of which requires suppressing what people actually want. Trade, in particular, he treats as organised deception: the merchant profits by the gap between what things cost and what people can be induced to pay, and the whole apparatus of speculation, adulteration and engineered scarcity follows from it. His analysis of poverty arising in the midst of abundance is the passage Marx admired.\n\nThe remedy is not to reform the passions but to arrange society so they are satisfied. The phalanstery is a community of about sixteen hundred people, chosen so that the full range of passionate types is represented, in which work is organised into short shifts among varied tasks matched to what people enjoy — the children who like filth are formed into the Little Hordes and given the dirty jobs, and are honoured for it. Attractive labour, not compulsion, does the work. Property is unequal and returns are distributed to labour, capital and talent in fixed proportions, so it is not communism.\n\nHe was serious about sex and about women in a way nobody around him was. He coined féminisme, held that the degree of women's emancipation is the natural measure of a society's general emancipation — the sentence Marx quoted — and designed his communities to accommodate every sexual arrangement including those he knew would scandalise, on the ground that repression produces the vices reformers complain of.\n\nSome thirty communities were attempted on his model in America. All failed. Engels catalogued him among the utopian socialists, meaning the criticism was brilliant and the mechanism absent, and the judgement stuck.",1772,1837,"French","philosopher","19th Century",null,[],[115,122,128],{"is_primary":116,"traditions":117},false,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"short_description":121},53,"Critique of Modernity","critique-of-modernity","The intellectual tradition that questions the assumptions and consequences of modern Western civilization.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":123},{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"short_description":127},464,"Democratic Socialism","democratic-socialism","The socialist tradition that seeks to transform capitalism into a democratically-controlled economy through constitutional and electoral means, rejecting both the laissez-faire market and the one-party revolutionary state.",{"is_primary":116,"traditions":129},{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"short_description":133},462,"Social Anarchism","social-anarchism","The anti-capitalist, anti-statist tradition that seeks to abolish both the state and private property in favour of voluntary cooperation, common ownership, and federated self-government.",[],[136,141],{"relation_type":137,"traditions":138},"descends_from",{"name":139,"slug":140},"Romantic Political Thought","romantic-political-thought",{"relation_type":142,"traditions":143},"reacts_against",{"name":144,"slug":145},"Enlightenment Philosophy","enlightenment-philosophy",[147,151],{"relation_type":137,"traditions":148},{"name":149,"slug":150},"Fascism","fascism",{"relation_type":137,"traditions":152},{"name":153,"slug":154},"Green Political Thought","green-political-thought",[156,163],{"title":157,"year":158,"year_display":159,"description":160,"kind":161,"sort_order":162},"The Theory of the Four Movements",1808,"1808","The first statement of passionate attraction and of the claim that the emancipation of women is the measure of a society's general emancipation.","work",1,{"title":164,"year":165,"year_display":166,"description":167,"kind":161,"sort_order":168},"The New Industrial and Societary World",1829,"1829","The phalanstery in detail: work organised in short varied shifts matched to what people enjoy, so attraction rather than compulsion does it.",2,[170,173,174,178,182,186,190,194,198,202,206,210,214,218,222,226,230,234,238,242,246,250,254,257,261,265,269,273,277,281,285,289,293,297,301,305,309,313,317,321,325,328,331,335,339,343,346,350,354,358,362,366,369,372,375,378,381,384,387,390,393],{"name":171,"slug":172,"birth_year":107},"Novalis","novalis",{"name":104,"slug":103,"birth_year":107},{"name":175,"slug":176,"birth_year":177},"Thomas Carlyle","thomas-carlyle",1795,{"name":179,"slug":180,"birth_year":181},"Max Stirner","max-stirner",1806,{"name":183,"slug":184,"birth_year":185},"Søren Kierkegaard","soren-kierkegaard",1813,{"name":187,"slug":188,"birth_year":189},"Henry David Thoreau","henry-david-thoreau",1817,{"name":191,"slug":192,"birth_year":193},"Fyodor Dostoevsky","fyodor-dostoevsky",1821,{"name":195,"slug":196,"birth_year":197},"Leo Tolstoy","leo-tolstoy",1828,{"name":199,"slug":200,"birth_year":201},"Friedrich Nietzsche","friedrich-nietzsche",1844,{"name":203,"slug":204,"birth_year":205},"Thorstein Veblen","thorstein-veblen",1857,{"name":207,"slug":208,"birth_year":209},"Max Weber","max-weber",1864,{"name":211,"slug":212,"birth_year":213},"Emma Goldman","emma-goldman",1869,{"name":215,"slug":216,"birth_year":217},"Rosa Luxemburg","rosa-luxemburg",1871,{"name":219,"slug":220,"birth_year":221},"Oswald Spengler","oswald-spengler",1880,{"name":223,"slug":224,"birth_year":225},"José Ortega y Gasset","jose-ortega-y-gasset",1883,{"name":227,"slug":228,"birth_year":229},"Carl Schmitt","carl-schmitt",1888,{"name":231,"slug":232,"birth_year":233},"Martin Heidegger","martin-heidegger",1889,{"name":235,"slug":236,"birth_year":237},"Aldous Huxley","aldous-huxley",1894,{"name":239,"slug":240,"birth_year":241},"Leo Strauss","leo-strauss",1899,{"name":243,"slug":244,"birth_year":245},"Ayatollah Khomeini","ayatollah-khomeini",1902,{"name":247,"slug":248,"birth_year":249},"George Orwell","george-orwell",1903,{"name":251,"slug":252,"birth_year":253},"James Burnham","james-burnham",1905,{"name":255,"slug":256,"birth_year":253},"Ayn Rand","ayn-rand",{"name":258,"slug":259,"birth_year":260},"Rachel Carson","rachel-carson",1907,{"name":262,"slug":263,"birth_year":264},"Simone de Beauvoir","simone-de-beauvoir",1908,{"name":266,"slug":267,"birth_year":268},"Simone Weil","simone-weil",1909,{"name":270,"slug":271,"birth_year":272},"Richard Weaver","richard-weaver",1910,{"name":274,"slug":275,"birth_year":276},"E.F. Schumacher","ef-schumacher",1911,{"name":278,"slug":279,"birth_year":280},"Albert Camus","albert-camus",1913,{"name":282,"slug":283,"birth_year":284},"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","aleksandr-solzhenitsyn",1918,{"name":286,"slug":287,"birth_year":288},"Michel Foucault","michel-foucault",1926,{"name":290,"slug":291,"birth_year":292},"Alasdair MacIntyre","alasdair-macintyre",1929,{"name":294,"slug":295,"birth_year":296},"Charles Taylor","charles-taylor",1931,{"name":298,"slug":299,"birth_year":300},"Christopher Lasch","christopher-lasch",1932,{"name":302,"slug":303,"birth_year":304},"Wendell Berry","wendell-berry",1934,{"name":306,"slug":307,"birth_year":308},"Alain de Benoist","alain-de-benoist",1943,{"name":310,"slug":311,"birth_year":312},"Jean-Claude Michéa","jean-claude-michea",1950,{"name":314,"slug":315,"birth_year":316},"Shoshana Zuboff","shoshana-zuboff",1951,{"name":318,"slug":319,"birth_year":320},"Michael Sandel","michael-sandel",1953,{"name":322,"slug":323,"birth_year":324},"Nick Land","nick-land",1962,{"name":326,"slug":327,"birth_year":324},"Aleksandr Dugin","aleksandr-dugin",{"name":329,"slug":330,"birth_year":324},"Jordan Peterson","jordan-peterson",{"name":332,"slug":333,"birth_year":334},"Patrick Deneen","patrick-deneen",1964,{"name":336,"slug":337,"birth_year":338},"Matthew Crawford","matthew-crawford",1965,{"name":340,"slug":341,"birth_year":342},"Kate Raworth","kate-raworth",1970,{"name":344,"slug":345,"birth_year":342},"Naomi Klein","naomi-klein",{"name":347,"slug":348,"birth_year":349},"Curtis Yarvin","curtis-yarvin",1973,{"name":351,"slug":352,"birth_year":353},"Bronze Age Pervert","bronze-age-pervert",1980,{"name":355,"slug":356,"birth_year":357},"Angela Nagle","angela-nagle",1984,{"name":359,"slug":360,"birth_year":361},"Anna Khachiyan","anna-khachiyan",1985,{"name":363,"slug":364,"birth_year":365},"Dasha Nekrasova","dasha-nekrasova",1991,{"name":367,"slug":368,"birth_year":112},"Clyde Wilson","clyde-wilson",{"name":370,"slug":371,"birth_year":112},"Daniel Bell","daniel-bell",{"name":373,"slug":374,"birth_year":112},"Eugene Genovese","eugene-genovese",{"name":376,"slug":377,"birth_year":112},"Paul Gottfried","paul-gottfried",{"name":379,"slug":380,"birth_year":112},"Julius Evola","julius-evola",{"name":382,"slug":383,"birth_year":112},"Ryszard Legutko","ryszard-legutko",{"name":385,"slug":386,"birth_year":112},"Samuel Francis","samuel-francis",{"name":388,"slug":389,"birth_year":112},"Czesław Miłosz","czesaw-miosz",{"name":391,"slug":392,"birth_year":112},"Norbert Wiener","norbert-wiener",{"name":394,"slug":395,"birth_year":112},"Mary Harrington","mary-harrington",{"cards":397,"influenced":398,"shapedBy":402,"outbound":162},[],[399],{"slug":400,"name":401},"karl-marx","Karl Marx",[]]